Vitalik：让以太坊再次成为密码朋克
Vitalik: Let Ether's be a code punk again.
特别感谢Paul Dylan-Ennis的反馈和审查。
Special thanks go to Paul Dylan-Ennis for his feedback and review.
十年前，我最美好的回忆之一是去柏林一个被称为比特币基兹(Bitcoin Kiez)的地方朝圣：位于克罗伊茨贝格(Kreuzberg)的一个地区，那里有大约十几家相距几百米的商店，都接受比特币支付。这个社区的中心是Room 77，这是一家由约尔格·普拉泽(Joerg Platzer)经营的餐厅和酒吧。除了简单地接受比特币之外，它还充当了一个社区中心，各种开源开发者、各派别的政治活动家和其他人物都会经常来这里。
A decade ago, one of my best memories was the pilgrimage to a place called Bitcoin Kiez in Berlin: an area in Kreuzberg, where about a dozen shops, hundreds of metres apart, were paid for by Bitcoin. The centre of the community was Room 77, a restaurant and bar run by Joerg Platzer. In addition to simply accepting Bitcoin, it also served as a community centre where various open-source developers, political activists and other figures from all walks of life often come here.
2013年，Room 77。来源：我2013年在《比特币杂志》上发表的一篇文章。
2013 Room 77. Source: I published an article in Bitcoin in 2013.
两个月前类似的记忆是PorcFest (porc的意思是“豪猪”，意思是“不要踩我”)，这是新罕布什尔州北部森林里的一场自由主义者聚会，那里的主要食物来源是那些名为“革命咖啡”(Revolution Coffee)和“激流汤、沙拉和冰沙”(Seditious soup, salad and Smoothies)的小餐馆，当然接受比特币。在这里，讨论比特币更深层次的政治意义，以及在日常生活中使用比特币，也是同时发生的。
Similar memories two months ago were the PortFest (meaning the porc, meaning “Do not step on me”), a liberal gathering in the northern forests of New Hampshire, where the main sources of food were the small restaurants called “Revolution Coffee” and “Seditious Soup, Salad and Smoothies,” which also took advantage of Bitcoin. Here, too, discussing the deeper political significance of Bitcoin and its use in daily life.
我之所以提起这些回忆，是因为它们让我想起了加密货币背后更深层次的愿景：我们在这里不仅仅是为了创造孤立的工具和游戏，而是为了构建一个更自由、更开放的社会和经济，其中不同部分——技术、社会和经济——相互融合。
I recall these memories because they remind me of the deeper vision behind the encrypt currency: we are here not just to create isolated tools and games, but to build a freer and more open society and economy in which different parts — technical, social and economic — are integrated.
“web3”的早期愿景也是这种类型的愿景，走向类似的理想主义，但有些不同的方向发展。“web3”一词最初是由以太坊联合创始人Gavin Wood创造的，它指的是对以太坊的一种不同的思考方式：而不是像我最初那样将其视为“比特币加智能合约”，Gavin更广泛地认为它是一组技术之一，可以共同形成一个更开放的互联网堆栈的基础层。
The early vision of “web3” is also this type of vision, moving toward similar idealism, but in some different directions. The word “web3” was originally created by Gavin Wood, founder of the Taiwan coalition, and it refers to a different way of thinking about the “Team”: rather than what I initially thought of as a “bitcoin plus smart contract”, Gavin more broadly sees it as one of a set of technologies that together form the basis of a more open Internet stack.
Gavin Wood在他早期的很多演讲中都用过这个图表。
Gavin Wood used this graph in many of his early speeches.
当免费开源软件运动在20世纪80年代和90年代开始时，软件很简单：它可以在你的计算机上运行，并读取和写入保存在你计算机上的文件。但是今天，我们大多数重要的工作都是协作的，通常是大规模的。所以今天，即使一个应用程序的底层代码是开放和免费的，你的数据也会通过一个由公司运行的中央服务器路由，这个公司可以任意读取你的数据，改变你的规则，或者随时让你退出平台。因此，如果我们想要将开源软件的精神扩展到今天的世界，我们需要能够访问共享硬盘驱动器的程序来存储需要多人修改和访问的东西。以太坊是什么，以及其他姊妹技术，如点对点消息传递(当时是Whisper，现在是Waku)和去中心化文件存储(当时是Swarm，现在是IPFS)？一个公共的去中心化共享硬盘。这就是现在无处不在的术语“web3”诞生的最初设想。
When the free source software movement began in the 1980s and 1990s, the software was simple: it could run on your computer and read and write on the files stored on your computer. Today, however, most of our important work is collaborative, usually large. So today, even if the bottom code of an application is open and free, your data will go through a central server route run by a company that can read your data at will, change your rules, or get you out of the platform at any time. So, if we want to extend the spirit of the open source software to today's world, we need to be able to access the programs that share hard disk drives to store things that require multiple modifications and access. What is in the courthouse, as well as other sister technologies, such as point-to-point messaging (at that time it was Whisper, now Waku) and centralized document storage (at that time it was Swarm, now IPFS).
不幸的是，自2017年左右以来，这些愿景已经逐渐淡出人们的视野。很少有人谈论消费者加密支付，唯一真正在链上大规模使用的非金融应用程序是ENS，并且存在很大的意识形态分歧，非区块链去中心化社区的大部分人将加密世界视为一种干扰，而不是一种志同道合的精神和强大的盟友。在许多国家，人们确实使用加密货币来汇款和存钱，但他们通常通过中心化的方式来实现这一点：要么通过中心化交易所账户的内部转账，要么通过在Tron上交易USDT。
Unfortunately, these visions have faded away since around 2017. Few talk about consumer encryption payments, the only non-financial application actually used on a large scale on the chain is ENS, and there is considerable ideological disagreement, and most people in non-block chains decentralizing communities view encryption of the world as a distraction rather than a homogenous spirit and powerful ally.
背景：Tron创始人和去中心化先驱Justin Sun勇敢地领导了全球最酷、最去中心化的加密生态系统。
Background: The founder and decentralized pioneer Justin Sun have courageously led the coolest and decentralised encryption ecosystem in the world.
经历了那个时代，我认为导致这种转变的罪魁祸首是交易费用的上涨。当写入区块链的成本为0.001美元，甚至0.1美元时，你可以想象人们以各种方式使用区块链制作各种应用程序，包括非金融方式。但当交易费用超过100美元时，就像牛市高峰期那样，只有一群人仍然愿意玩——事实上，因为代币价格上涨，他们变得更富有，变得更愿意玩：堕落赌徒。在适度的情况下，低级赌徒是可以接受的，我在活动中与很多人交谈过，他们是为了钱而加入加密行业，但为了理想而留下来的。但是，当他们成为大规模使用区块链的最大群体时，这就调整了公众的看法和加密空间的内部文化，并导致了我们在过去几年中看到的许多其他负面影响。
After that time, I think that the main cause of this transformation is the increase in transaction costs. When the block chain is written at a cost of US$ 0.001, or even US$ 0.1, you can imagine people using the block chain in a variety of ways to create applications, including non-financial methods. But when the transaction costs exceed US$100, as at the peak of the cattle market, only a group of people are still willing to play – in fact, because the price of the tokens increases, they become richer and more willing to play: gamblers.
现在，快进到2023年。对于扩展的核心挑战，以及对于构建一个真正可行的密码朋克未来至关重要的各种“支线任务”，我们实际上有很多积极的消息要展示：
Now, fast forward to 2023. For the core challenge of expansion, as well as for the various "back-line missions" that are crucial to building a truly viable code punk future, we actually have a lot of positive news to show:
? Rollup开始真正存在。
♪ Rollup begins to exist. ♪
? 在监管部门打击Tornado Cash之后，第二代隐私解决方案(如Railway和Nocturne)迎来了短暂的平静。
• The second generation of privacy solutions (e.g. Railway and Nocturne) has ushered in a short period of calm following the regulatory strike against Tornado Cash.
? 账户抽象开始流行起来。
♪ The accounts are starting to pop in abstraction. ♪
? 被遗忘了很长时间的轻客户端开始真正存在。
♪ A forgotten light client begins to exist for a long time.
? 零知识证明，一项我们认为是几十年后才会出现的技术，现在已经出现了，它对开发人员越来越友好，并且即将可用于消费者应用程序。
♪ Zero knowledge proves that a technology that we believe will emerge decades later has now emerged and that is becoming more and more friendly to developers and is about to become available for consumer applications.
这两件事：越来越多的人意识到，不受限制的中心化和过度金融化不可能是“加密”的意义所在，以及上述关键技术最终即将实现，这两件事共同为我们提供了一个将事情带到不同方向的机会。也就是说，至少要让以太坊生态系统的一部分成为我们最初建立的无需许可、去中心化、抗审查、开源的生态系统。
These two things: there is a growing realization that unrestricted centralization and excessive financialization cannot be the meaning of “encryption” and that these key technologies will eventually be realized, both of which together provide us with an opportunity to move things in a different direction. That is, at least part of the Etheraya ecosystem will be the unlicensed, decentralized, uncensored, open-sourced ecosystems that we originally built.
其中一些价值观是什么？
What are some of these values?
其中许多价值观不仅被以太坊社区的许多人所共享，而且被其他区块链社区，甚至非区块链去中心化社区所共享，尽管每个社区都有自己独特的这些价值观组合以及每个社区价值观的重视程度。
Many of these values are shared not only by many in the etai community, but also by other block-chained communities and even by non-block-chained decentralised communities, although each community has its own unique combination of these values and the importance attached to the values of each community.
? 开放的全球参与：世界上任何人都应该能够在最平等的基础上以用户、观察者或开发者的身份参与。参与应该是未经许可的。
Open global participation: anyone in the world should be able to participate as a user, observer or developer on the most equal basis.
? 去中心化：最大限度地减少应用程序对任何单个参与者的依赖。特别是，即使核心开发人员永远消失，应用程序也应该继续工作。
? Decentralization: minimizes the dependence of applications on any individual participant. In particular, should continue to work even if the core developer disappears forever.
? 审查阻力：中心化的参与者不应该有权力干涉任何给定用户或应用程序的操作能力。对不良参与者的关注应该在堆栈的更高层处理。
? Review resistance: centralised participants should not have the power to interfere with the ability of any given user or application to operate.
? 可审计性：任何人都应该能够验证应用程序的逻辑和正在进行的操作(例如：通过运行一个完整的节点)，以确保它是按照其开发人员声称的规则运行的。
? Auditability: anyone should be able to verify the logic of the application and ongoing operations (e.g. by running a full node) to ensure that it operates according to the rules claimed by its developers.
? 可信的中立性：基础层基础设施应该是中立的，并且任何人都可以看到它是中立的，即使他们还不信任开发人员。
Credible neutrality: The infrastructure of the base level should be neutral, and anyone can see it as neutral, even if they still do not trust developers.
? 构建工具，而不是帝国。帝国试图将用户困在一个有围墙的花园中，工具完成它们的任务，但在其他方面与更广泛的开放生态系统进行互操作。
Building tools, not empires. The
? 合作心态：即使在竞争中，生态系统内的项目也会在共享软件库、研究、安全、社区建设和其他对他们共同有价值的领域进行合作。项目试图在彼此之间以及与更广阔的世界之间实现正和。
Cooperation mentality: Even in competition, projects in ecosystems work together in the sharing of software repositories, research, security, community building and other areas of common value to them. The project seeks to bring about peace between themselves and the wider world.
很可能在加密生态系统中构建不遵循这些价值观的东西。人们可以构建一个称为“第二层”的系统，但它实际上是一个由多重签名保护的高度集中的系统，没有计划切换到更安全的系统。可以构建一个比ERC-4337更“简单”的账户抽象系统，但代价是引入信任假设，最终会消除公共内存池的可能性，并使新构建者更难加入。人们可以建立一个NFT生态系统，其中NFT的内容不必要地存储在中心化的网站上，使其比这些组件存储在IPFS上更加脆弱。可以构建一个质押界面，将用户不必要地引导到已经最大的质押池。
One can construct a system called the “second layer” but it is in fact a highly centralized system protected by multiple signatures, without planning to switch to a safer system. One can construct an account abstract system that is more “simple” than ERC-4337, but at the cost of introducing a trust assumption that ultimately eliminates the possibility of a public memory pool and makes it more difficult for new builders to join. One can build an NFT ecosystem where NFT content is unnecessarily stored on a central web site, making it more vulnerable than these components stored on IPFS.
抵制这些压力是困难的，但如果我们不这样做，那么我们就有可能失去加密生态系统的独特价值，并以额外的低效率和额外的步骤重新创建现有web2生态系统的克隆。
It is difficult to resist these pressures, but if we do not, we risk losing the unique value of encrypted ecosystems and recreating the cloning of existing web2 ecosystems with additional inefficiencies and additional steps.
只有下水道才能造出忍者神龟
Only a sewer can make a ninja turtle.
加密货币领域在很多方面都是一个无情的环境。Dan Robinson和Georgios Konstantiopoulos在2021年的一篇文章中在MEV的背景下生动地表达了这一点，认为以太坊是一个黑暗的森林，链上交易者经常容易受到抢先交易机器人的利用，这些机器人本身也容易被其他机器人反利用，等等。在其他方面也是如此：智能合约经常被黑客攻击，用户的钱包经常被黑客攻击，中心化交易所更失败，等等。
In a 2021 article, Dan Robinson and Georgios Konstantiopoulos vividly expressed this in the context of MEV, arguing that Etheria is a dark forest, that traders in the chain are often vulnerable to the exploitation of pre-trading robots, that these robots are themselves vulnerable to counter-use by other robots, and so on. The same is true for others: smart contracts are often hacked, users’ wallets are hacked, centralized exchanges fail, and so on.
这对该领域的用户来说是一个巨大的挑战，但它也提供了一个机会：这意味着我们有一个空间来实际试验、孵化和接收有关各种安全技术的快速实时反馈，以应对这些挑战。我们已经看到在各种情况下成功应对挑战：
This is a huge challenge for users in the field, but it also provides an opportunity: it means that we have a space to actually test, hatch and receive quick, real-time feedback on various safety technologies to meet these challenges. We have seen successful responses to the challenges in various contexts:
每个人都希望互联网安全。一些人试图通过推行强制依赖单一特定行为者(无论是公司还是政府)的方法，使互联网变得安全，这些行为者可以充当安全和真相的集中锚。但这些做法牺牲了开放和自由，助长了日益严重的“分裂”悲剧。加密领域的人非常重视开放和自由。风险水平和所涉及的高财务风险意味着加密空间不能忽视安全，但各种意识形态和结构性原因确保它无法使用中心化的方法来实现安全性。与此同时，加密领域处于非常强大的技术的前沿，如零知识证明，形式验证，基于硬件的密钥安全性和链上社交图谱。这些事实加在一起意味着，对于加密货币来说，提高安全性的开放方式是唯一的途径。
Some try to make the Internet secure by imposing reliance on a single, specific actor (whether company or government), who can act as a central anchor for security and truth. But these practices sacrifice openness and freedom, fuelling a growing “separable” tragedy.
所有这些都意味着，加密世界是一个完美的测试平台环境，可以将其开放和去中心化的安全方法实际应用于现实的高风险环境中，并使其成熟到可以将其部分应用于更广泛的世界。这是我对加密世界的理想主义部分和加密世界的混乱部分的看法之一，然后是整个加密世界和更广泛的主流，可以将他们的差异转化为共生而不是持续不断的紧张关系。
All of this means that the world of encryption is a perfect testing platform environment that actually applies its open and decentralised security methods to real-world high-risk environments, and matures them to apply some of them to the wider world. This is one of my perceptions of the idealistic part of the world of encryption and the chaotic part of the world of encryption, followed by the entire world of encryption and the wider mainstream, which translates their differences into symbiotic rather than persistent tensions.
以太坊是更广泛的技术愿景的一部分
is part of a broader technology vision
2014年，Gavin Wood介绍了以太坊作为一套可以构建的工具之一，另外两个是Whisper(去中心化消息传递)和Swarm(去中心化存储)。前者受到了高度重视，但随着2017年左右向金融化的转变，后者受到的爱护和关注大大减少。也就是说，Whisper继续以Waku的身份存在，并被去中心化的信使Status等项目积极使用。Swarm还在继续发展，现在我们也有了IPFS，用来托管和服务这个博客。
In 2014, Gavin Wood presented the use of the Tai Lok as one of a possible set of tools, the other two being Whisper (decentralized messaging) and Swarm (decentralized storage). The former were highly valued, but, with the shift to financialization around 2017, the latter received much less attention and attention. That is to say, Whisper continues to exist as Waku, and is actively used, for example, by decentralized couriers, Status.
在过去的几年里，随着去中心化社交媒体(Lens、Farcaster等)的兴起，我们有机会重新审视这些工具。此外，我们还有另一个非常强大的新工具可以添加到三要素中：零知识证明。正如ZK Rollup所展示的那样，这些技术被广泛采用为提高以太坊的可扩展性的方法，但它们对隐私也非常有用。特别是零知识证明的可编程性意味着我们可以越过“匿名但有风险”与“KYC因此安全”的虚假二元关系，同时获得隐私和多种身份验证。
In the past few years, with the rise of decentralised social media (Lens, Farcaster, etc.), we have had the opportunity to re-examine these tools. In addition, we have another very powerful new tool that can be added to three elements: proof of zero knowledge. As ZK Rollup has shown, these technologies are widely used to increase the expansionability of the Ether, but they are also very useful for privacy.
2023年的Zupass就是一个例子。Zupass是一个在Zuzalu孵化的基于零知识证明的系统，它既用于对事件进行现场身份认证，也用于对投票系统Zupoll、类似twitter的Zucast和其他系统进行在线身份认证。Zupass的主要特点是：你可以证明你是Zuzalu的居民，而不需要透露你是Zuzalu的哪个成员。此外，每个 Zuzalu 居民只能为他们登录的每个应用程序实例（例如投票）拥有一个随机生成的加密身份。Zupass非常成功，并在今年晚些时候被应用于Devconnect的票务处理。
Zupass, 2023, is an example of this. Zupass, a zero-knowledge-based system hatched in Zuzalu, is used both for on-site identification of events and for online identification of voting systems Zupoll, twitter-like Zucast, and other systems. Zupass is characterized by the fact that you can prove that you are a resident of Zuzalu, without the need to disclose which of you is a member of Zuzalu. In addition, every Zuzaru resident has only a randomly generated encryption identity for each application that they log on (e.g., voting). Zupas was very successful and was applied to the voting process later this year in Devconect.
零知识证明，证明我作为以太坊基金会的员工，可以访问Devconnect共享工作空间。
The zero-knowledge proof is that I, as an employee of the Ethio Foundation, have access to Devconfnett to share workspaces.
到目前为止，Zupass最实际的用途可能是投票。人们利用Zupass作为匿名投票平台，进行了各种各样的民意调查，其中一些是关于政治争议或高度个人化的话题，人们强烈需要保护自己的隐私。
The most practical use of Zupass so far may be voting. People use Zupass as an anonymous voting platform to conduct a wide range of polls, some of which are about political controversy or highly personalized topics, and there is a strong need to protect their privacy.
在这里，我们可以开始看到以太坊密码朋克世界的轮廓，至少在纯技术层面上是这样的。我们可以用ETH和ERC20代币以及各种NFT来持有我们的资产，并使用基于隐身地址和隐私池技术的隐私系统来保护我们的隐私，同时锁定已知的不良行为者从同一匿名集中受益的能力。无论是在我们的 DAO 中，还是为了帮助决定对以太坊协议的更改，或者为了任何其他目标，我们都可以使用零知识投票系统，该系统可以使用各种凭证来帮助识别谁有投票权，谁没有投票权：除了像2017年那样用代币投票之外, 我们还可以对生态系统做出足够贡献的人、参加足够多活动的人进行匿名投票，或者每人一票。
Here, we can begin to see the contours of the Punk World, at least on a purely technical level. We can hold our assets with ETH and ERC20 and various NFTs, and use a privacy system based on invisible address and privacy pool technology to protect our privacy, while locking in the ability of known bad actors to benefit from the same anonymous concentration. Whether in our DAO, or to help decide on changes to the ETA agreement, or for any other purpose, we can use a zero-knowledge voting system, which can use a variety of documents to help identify who has the right to vote and who does not have the right to vote: in addition to voting in tokens, as in 2017, we can also vote anonymously for people who contribute enough to the ecosystem, for people who have participated in enough activities, or for one vote per person.
面对面和在线支付可以在L2上进行超便宜的交易，L2利用数据可用空间(或由Plasma保护的链下数据)以及数据压缩来为用户提供超高的可扩展性。从一个Rollup到另一个Rollup的支付可以通过像UniswapX这样的去中心化协议进行。去中心化的社交媒体项目可以使用不同的存储层来存储活动，如帖子、转发和点赞，并使用ENS(在L2上使用CCIP便宜)作为用户名。我们可以在链上代币与个人持有并通过 Zupass 等系统进行 ZK 证明的链下证明之间进行无缝集成。
Face-to-face and online payments can be made on L2, using data availability (or data under the chain protected by Plasma) and data compression to provide users with ultra-high scalability. Payments from one Rollup to another Rollup can be made through decentralized agreements like UniswapX. Decentralized social media projects can use different storage layers to store activities, such as posts, relays and praises, and use ENS as user names.
二次投票、跨部落共识发现和预测市场等机制可用于帮助组织和社区自我管理并保持知情，区块链和基于zk -proof的身份可以使这些系统免受内部的集中审查和外部的协调操纵。复杂的钱包可以在人们参与dApp时保护他们，用户界面可以发布到IPFS并作为.eth域访问，HTML, java和所有软件依赖项的哈希值通过DAO直接在链上更新。智能合约钱包的诞生是为了帮助人们不损失数千万美元的加密货币，它将扩展到保护人们的“身份根”，创建一个比“用谷歌登录”等中心化身份提供商更安全的系统。
Mechanisms such as secondary voting, cross-tribal consensus discovery and forecasting markets can be used to help organizations and communities manage themselves and keep them informed. Block chains and zk-proof-based identities can protect these systems from internal centralized scrutiny and external coordination. Complex wallets can protect people when they are involved in dApp, user interfaces can be posted to IPFS and used as access to.eth domain, HTML, Java, and the Hashi value of all software dependencies are directly updated through DAO. Smart contract wallets are born to help people not lose tens of millions of dollars in encrypted currency, which will extend to protecting people's “identity roots” and create a system that is safer than a central identity provider such as Google Login.
Soul钱包恢复界面。我个人更愿意将我的资金和身份信任给这样的系统，而不是中心化的web2恢复。
Soul Wallet restores the interface. I personally prefer to trust my money and identity with such a system, not with a centralized web2.
我们可以把更大的以太坊(或“web3”)看作是创建一个独立的技术协议栈，在各个层面上与传统的中心化协议栈竞争。许多人会将两者混合搭配，通常有聪明的方法来匹配两者：使用ZKEmail，你甚至可以使电子邮件地址成为你的社交恢复钱包的守护人之一！但是，将去中心化堆栈的不同部分一起使用也会产生许多协同效应，特别是如果它们被设计成更好地相互集成的话。
We can see a larger e-Team (or “web3”) as creating an independent technology bank that competes at all levels with traditional centralization. Many people mix the two, often in a smart way: using ZKEmail, you can even make e-mail addresses one of the custodians of your social recovery wallets. But there are many synergies, especially if they are better designed to be integrated.
将其视为堆栈的好处之一是，这非常符合以太坊的多元化精神。比特币试图解决一个问题，或者最多两三个问题。另一方面，以太坊有很多不同重点的子社区。没有单一的主导叙事。栈的目标是实现这种多元性，但同时努力提高这种多元性之间的互操作性。
One of the benefits of seeing it as a stack is that it is very much in line with the diversity of the Etherm. Bitcoin tries to solve one problem, or at most two or three. On the other hand, the Etherm is a sub-communities with many different priorities. There is no single dominant narrative. The goal is to achieve this diversity, but at the same time to improve the interoperability of this diversity.
社交层
很容易说“这些做X的人是一个腐败的影响和坏人，这些做Y的人是真正的交易”。但这是一种懒惰的回应。要真正取得成功，我们不仅需要技术堆栈的愿景，还需要堆栈的社交部分，使技术堆栈能够首先构建。
It's easy to say, "These X-man are the influence of corruption and the bad guy, and these Y-man are the real deal." But it's a lazy response. To be truly successful, we need not only the vision of the technological stack, but also the social component of the stack, so that the technology stack can be built first.
原则上，以太坊社区的优势在于我们认真对待激励措施。PGP想把加密密钥交到每个人手中，这样我们就可以做签名和加密的电子邮件，几十年来，它基本上失败了，但后来我们有了加密货币，突然之间，数百万人公开拥有与他们相关的密钥，我们可以开始将这些密钥用于其他目的——包括回到加密的电子邮件和消息传递。非区块链去中心化项目往往长期资金不足，基于区块链的项目获得5000万美元的B轮融资。我们让人们投入他们的ETH来保护以太坊网络，并不是出于质押者的仁慈，而是出于他们对自身利益的考虑——结果我们获得了200亿美元的经济安全。
In principle, the advantage of the community is that we take incentives seriously. The PGP wants to put encryption keys in everyone's hands so that we can write signatures and encrypted e-mails, which have largely failed for decades, but then we have encrypted money, and suddenly millions of people openly have keys related to them, and we can start using them for other purposes, including returning to encrypted e-mails and messaging. Non-blocking projects are often chronically underfunded, and projects based on block chains receive $50 million in round B financing. We get people to invest in their ETH to protect the Etherm network, not because of the mercy of the pledge, but because of their own interests — and, as a result, we get $20 billion in economic security.
与此同时，激励措施还不够。Defi项目通常以谦逊、合作和最大限度地开放源代码开始，但有时随着规模的增长，它们开始放弃这些理想。我们可以用非常高的正常运行时间激励质押者来参与，但激励质押者去中心化要困难得多。使用纯粹的协议内手段可能根本无法实现。上面描述的“去中心化堆栈”的许多关键部分没有可行的商业模式。以太坊协议的治理本身是非金融化的，这使得它比其他治理更加金融化的生态系统更加强大。这就是为什么以太坊有一个强大的社交层是有价值的，它在那些纯粹的激励不能的地方大力执行它的价值观——但又不会创造一个“以太坊联盟”的概念，从而变成一种新形式的政治正确性。
At the same time, incentives are not enough. The Defi project usually starts with humility, cooperation, and maximum openness of the source code, but sometimes as scale increases, they begin to abandon these ideals. We can use a very high normal operating time to motivate the pledgeor to participate, but it is much more difficult to motivate the pledgeer to go central. The use of purely intra-agreements may not be possible. There is no viable business model for many of the key parts of the “decentralized stacks” described above.
在这两方面之间需要取得平衡，尽管正确的术语与其说是平衡，不如说是融合。有很多人最初进入加密货币领域是为了致富，但后来他们熟悉了这个生态系统，并成为了建立一个更加开放和去中心化的世界的狂热信徒。
There is a need to strike a balance between these two things, although the correct terminology is not so much a balance as an integration. Many people first entered the area of crypto-currency for enrichment, but later became familiar with the ecosystem and became fanatics in building a more open and decentralized world.
我们如何真正实现这种集成？这是一个关键的问题，我怀疑答案并不存在于一个灵丹妙药中，而是存在于一系列迭代的技术中。以太坊生态系统在纯粹通过社交手段鼓励第二层项目之间的合作心态方面已经比大多数人更成功。大规模的公共产品融资，特别是Gitcoin Grants和Optimism的RetroPGF融资，也非常有帮助，因为它为开发者创造了另一种收入渠道，这些开发者看不到任何传统的商业模式，不需要牺牲他们的价值观。但即使这些工具仍处于起步阶段，要改进这些特定的工具，并识别和发展其他可能更适合特定问题的工具，还有很长的路要走。
How do we really achieve this integration? This is a key question, and I doubt that the answer lies not in a panacea, but in a series of overlapping technologies. The Taiyo ecosystem has been more successful than most people in encouraging cooperative thinking on second-tier projects by purely social means.
这就是我看到以太坊社交层独特价值主张的地方。这是一种独特的折衷方案，既重视激励，又不被激励所消耗。这里有一种独特的组合，即重视一个温暖而有凝聚力的社区，但同时记住，从内部感觉“温暖而有凝聚力”的东西很容易从外部感觉“压迫和排他性”，并重视中立性，开源和审查抵抗的硬规范，以防止在社区驱动中走得太远的风险。如果这种混合能够很好地发挥作用，那么它将处于在经济和技术层面上实现其愿景的最佳位置。返回搜狐，查看更多
This is what I see in the unique values of the Taiyo social sphere. This is a unique compromise that values both incentives and not being consumed. There is a unique combination, which values a warm and cohesive community, but remembers that what feels “heavy and cohesive” from the inside can easily feel “oppressive and exclusive” from the outside, as well as neutral, open source and examine the hard norms of resistance to prevent the risk of going too far in the community. If this mix works well, it will be in the best position to achieve its vision at the economic and technical levels.
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