文/石头
Man/rock
他是少年天才，12岁就写出了一款太空大战游戏；他拥有百亿财富，却一心想要建立火星移民基地。
He's a young genius who wrote a space war game when he was 12 years old; he's got billions of dollars, but he's trying to build a Mars immigration base.
他是美国真实版钢铁侠、特斯拉与SpaceX的创建者：马斯克（Elon Musk）。
He is the founder of the real U.S. version of , Tesla and SpaceX: Mask.
很少有人知道，在探索太空移民、无人驾驶的马斯克，也和比特币这个“暗网黄金”有着千丝万缕的联系，甚至他创办的知名公司，SpaceX、特斯拉、Boring Company、X.com都纠缠在其中。
今天，31QU将揭秘马斯克与比特币背后的陈年往事。这个传奇男人，为何屡屡被冠上“中本聪”的嫌疑？
Today, 31QU will reveal the old history behind Mask and Bitcoin. Why is this legendary man repeatedly suspected of “马斯克与比特币的亲密接触
Mask's close contact with Bitcoin
在外界看来，马斯克公开发表与比特币相关的言论始于今年推特上的一句话，“想要购买一些比特币吗？”
但一些加密爱好者却通过马斯克的推特发现，他早就已经默默关注着当时还没有被主流所接纳的比特币。
2014年11月，马斯克曾在一个推特动态称：“我已经知道谁是中本聪，它不再是一个疑问”。
而马斯克作为一个美国顶级的明星式富豪，他本人以及旗下的公司，与比特币有着十分错综复杂的关系。
事实上，比特币的第一次商品购买，著名的“披萨事件”，就始于马斯克在1999年所创办的X.com公司。
而Jercos当时使用的支付工具是PayPal的前身Confinity，这是1998年由三个学生所创建的第三方支付服务系统，在2000年3月被马斯克的创业项目X.com收购后，正式命名为PayPal。
The payment tool that Jercos then used was PayPal, the third-party payment service system created by three students in 1998 and officially named PayPal after it was acquired by Mask's start-up project X.com in March 2000.
至此，马斯克通过PayPal，完成了与比特币的第一次亲密接触。
事实上，在收购完成后，马斯克对PayPal的初心是希望这个工具可以作为国际汇款的第三方服务商——这和目前比特币服务的市场和使用场景几乎一致，只是比特币游离在监管之外。
Indeed, when the acquisition was completed, Mask's initial interest in PayPal was in hoping that the tool could serve as a third-party service provider for international remittances — which is almost identical to the current market and use of Bitcoin services — except that bitcoin is out of regulation.
▲PayPal总部大楼，来自谷歌
而马斯克的初心，在2002年PayPal被eBay用15亿美元全资收购后，就有了新的进展，PayPal也一直向着第三方支付工具不断进化，并和比特币的关系愈发紧密。
At the beginning of Mask, when PayPal was bought by eBay for $1.5 billion in 2002, further progress was made, and PayPal has been evolving to third-party payment instruments and has become more closely connected with Bitcoin.
根据31QU调查得知，在国外的比特币场外交易平台，所有的比特币的线上交易都能找到PayPal支付的影子。而凭借对加密交易的场外支持，PayPal财务在2017年表现亮眼，财报显示，PayPal年收益为17.95亿美元，年收入为130.94亿美元，比2016年增长20.8％。
According to the 31QU survey, all Bitcoin off-site transactions abroad can find the shadow of PayPal’s payments. With off-site support for encrypted transactions, PayPal’s financial performance was bright in 2017, and the financial statements showed that PayPal earned $1,795 million in annual revenues and $13.94 billion in annual revenues, an increase of 20.8 per cent over 2016.
出色的财务表现，为PayPal带来了高达1000亿美元的股票市值。这一市值，目前高于比特币的740亿美元，也高于eBay的285亿美元。
Excellent financial performance has brought the market value of equities up to $100 billion to PayPal. This market value is now over $74 billion to Bitcoin and $28.5 billion to eBay.
▲PayPal的股票价格
如果马斯克是一个纯粹的逐利商人，那他做过最后悔的事情之一恐怕必然是在2002年以15亿美元的价格出售了PayPal。
If Mask was a purely pro-profit businessman, one of the most regrettable things he had done was to sell PayPal in 2002 at a price of $1.5 billion.
但马斯克并不是这样一个纯粹的逐利者，在出售PayPal之后，他按照自己儿时的梦想，创办了SpaceX火箭公司和Boring Company隧道交通公司，并成为了世界第一大电动汽车品牌特斯拉的创始人。
But Mask is not such a pure profit-maker, and after selling PayPal, he founded the SpaceX Rocket Company and the Boring Company Tunnel Transport Company, in his childhood dream, and became the founder of Tesla, the world's first electric car brand.
这些企业，也都在一些命运般的巧合下，与比特币产生了微妙的联系.
比如，马斯克的Boring Company公司所开发的手持喷火器，曾在今年10月份出现在一家支持比特币支付的第三方网站上。虽然该网站并不属于马斯克，但因为马斯克在近段时间和加密历史的诸多传闻，而引起了加密爱好者的重点关注。
For example, in October this year, Boring Company, Mask, developed a hand-held flamethrower that appeared on a third-party website that supports Bitcoin’s payments. Although the site does not belong to Musk, it has attracted the attention of cryptographers because of a lot of rumours about Mask’s recent history and encryption.
在最近的一系列事件中最能石锤马斯克与比特币关系的事情，莫过于文章开头提到的“推特事件”。
The most recent series of events has been the “twitter incident” referred to at the beginning of the article, in which Mr. Musk was the most successful in his relationship with Bitcoin.
在今年10月22日，马斯克在推特上毫不掩饰的问道：“想要购买一些比特币吗？”。
On 22 October this year, Mr. Mask asked on Twitter, undisguisedly, “Do you want to buy some bitcoin?”.
在马斯克这一言论发出后，其推特在一天之内便遭了加密爱好者的疯狂互动，甚至币安创始人赵长鹏也在这条推特下面留言到：“如果接受比特币，将购买一辆特斯拉”。
In one day, after this statement by Musk, his Twittersphere was violently interacted with by an encoded fan, and even the founder of the currency, Zhao Chang Peng, wrote under this tweet: “If Bitcoin is accepted, a Tesla will be bought”.
但在加密粉丝看到特斯拉支持比特币支付曙光的同时，马斯克的推特却在第一时间遭遇了来自美国政府的封锁。
But while the encryption fans saw Tesla supporting Bitcoin’s payment of the dawn, Musk’s tweets first came under a blockade from the United States Government.
作为美国颇具影响力的明星商人，这并非马斯克在言论自由上的第一次被封锁。
As an influential American star businessman, this is not the first time that Mask has been blocked for freedom of expression.
在今年的8月7日，马斯克就曾因私有化特斯拉的言论，被美国证券交易委员会罚款4000万美元（个人和特斯拉各2000万）。马斯克不仅丢掉了特斯拉董事会主席的职位，并且他之后的推特发出前都需要经过律师审核。
On August 7, this year, Musk was fined $40 million by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (individuals and 20 million Tesla each) for what he had said about the privatization of Tesla. Not only did he lose the chair of Tesla’s board of directors, but he had to be cleared by a lawyer before his subsequent tweets.
手下员工涉足丝绸之路
并不只是手下的公司和比特币有千丝万缕的联系，作为一名本身颇具传奇色彩的富豪和天才，马斯克曾直接被“指认”为中本聪。
It is not just one of its companies that is inextricably linked to Bitcoin that, as a wealthy and talented man of its own legendary character, Musk was directly “designated” as a medium-breath.
2017年11月，一个SpaceX实习生称马斯克是比特币的创造者——中本聪。
In November 2017, an intern from SpaceX called Maske the creator of Bitcoin — Central Benz.
当然，这一猜测被马斯克自己所否认，而这一实习生因为涉嫌传播谣言也直接被马斯克所开除。
Of course, this assumption was denied by Musk himself, and the intern was expelled directly from Mask on suspicion of spreading rumours.
但该实习生给出了3个理由：
But the intern gave three reasons:
1、马斯克很是一名C++语言的技术高手，而比特币的创建所使用的也是C++语言；
1. Mask is a technical master of the C++ language, and Bitcoin was created in the C++ language;
2、马斯克痴迷于创造革命性的事物，而比特币的诞生正好是2008年经济危机时，为了解决经济危机的一种伟大创新；
2. Mask is obsessed with creating revolutionary things, and the birth of Bitcoin coincided with the economic crisis of 2008, a great innovation to address the economic crisis;
3、中本聪在创建比特币后面对几十亿美元的资产依然不为所动，这说明中本聪很有钱，而马斯克正好是一名拥有百亿美元资产的世界级富豪。
The fact that after the creation of Bitcoin, Nakamoto remained unmotivated about billions of dollars of assets suggests that he is rich, and that Mask is a world-class rich man with billions of dollars of assets.
这名SpaceX实习生的猜测只是加密爱好者对马斯克身份怀疑的引子，事实上早在2014年，SpaceX的一个员工涉足一个暗网名为“丝绸之路2.0”的犯罪案件时，马斯克就已经被加密爱好者列为了中本聪的怀疑对象。
As far back as 2014, when an employee of SpaceX was involved in a criminal case under the cover of a dark net called “Silk Road 2.0”, Mascek had been listed as a medium-breath suspect by an encrypt lover.
丝绸之路是一个建立在暗网上的毒品交易平台，因为其信息和身份的多重加密，所以"丝绸之路"便成了美国政府的重点打击对象。
The Silk Road is a dark web-based drug-trading platform, and because of its multiple encryption of information and identity, the Silk Road has become the focus of the Government of the United States.
事件起因源于2014年11月6日丝绸之路2.0的破灭。当时联邦调查局对外宣布，一名初创公司创始人和SpaceX员工Benthall因涉嫌经营丝绸之路2.0而在旧金山被捕。
The cause of the incident was the destruction of the Silk Road 2.0 on 6 November 2014, when the FBI announced to the public that a founder of the start-up company and staff member of SpaceX, Benthall, had been arrested in San Francisco on suspicion of operating the Silk Road 2.0.
根据联邦调查局的说法，Benthall每个月都能在毒品市赚取数百万美元的比特币，而他同时在SpaceX工作。
According to the FBI, Benthall earns millions of dollars of bitcoins every month in the drug city, while he works in SpaceX at the same time.
不过，根据SpaceX的对外发言人介绍，Benthall在2014年2月就离开了SpaceX公司，而在Benthall被抓前，他的Facebook上依然写着他在SpaceX公司的软件工程师岗位。
However, according to the external spokesperson for SpaceX, Benthall left SpaceX in February 2014, while his Facebook profile still stated his position as a software engineer for SpaceX before Benthall was captured.
然而，即便按照SpaceX公司的说法。Benthall在2014年2月离开了SpaceX公司，但据31QU了解，Benthall早在丝绸之路1.0时，就已经成为了丝绸之路1.0的核心管理者。
However, even if, according to SpaceX, Benthall left SpaceX in February 2014, it is known by 31QU that Benthall was the central manager of Silk Road 1.0 as early as 1.0 of the Silk Road.
也就是说，在Benthall还是SpaceX的员工时，他就已经是一名丝绸之路的参与者了，这种关系背后，一度让SpaceX公司以及马斯克受到丝绸之路2.0的牵连。
所以，在有了2014年这次事件的前提下，加上2017年11月时SpaceX公司实习生的怀疑和爆料，瞬间点燃了加密社区对马斯克是否是中本聪的讨论。
Thus, the existence of this 2014 incident, coupled with the suspicions and blasts of SpaceX interns in November 2017, triggered instantaneous discussion in the cryptographic community as to whether or not the Mask was a medium-breathing.
虽然当时马斯克否定了这种猜疑，但通过今年10月22日的推特事件，也足以表明，马斯克在互联网上的言论并不自由。
Although Mask rejected this suspicion at the time, the Twitter incident of 22 October this year was enough to demonstrate that Mask was not free to speak on the Internet.
所以，一些加密社区的成员怀疑，出于自身安全和利益的需要，马斯克已经被美国政府绑架。
So some members of the encrypted community suspect that Mask has been kidnapped by the U.S. Government for his own safety and interests.
个人传奇
我们再回到马斯克本人的经历上，细细梳理，你会发现他的理念常常与比特币不谋而合，而他和比特币的诸多交集，通过马斯克的成长经历可以窥见一斑。
And when we go back to Mask's own experience, finely combing it, you will find that his ideas often coincide with Bitcoin, and that he and Bitcoin have many overlaps that can be seen through Masco's growth experience.
1971年6月28日，马斯克出生在南非的一个富裕家庭，不过因为和父亲的不和，他成年后至今都从未和父亲相认。
On 28 June 1971, Mr. Mask was born to a wealthy family in South Africa, although he has never been recognized as a father since he reached the age of majority because of his disagreement with his father.
马斯克是那个时代的天才儿童，在他只有12岁大时便通过自学编码制作了一款太空单人PC游戏（游戏链接：http://blastar-1984.appspot.com/），并通过当时的互联网将这款游戏以500美元的价格卖给了Office Technology杂志。
As a gifted child of that era, Mask created a single-space PC game (play link: http://blastar-1984.appspot.com/) through self-learning codes when he was 12 years old, and sold the game to Office Technology magazine for $500 via the Internet at that time.
▲游戏界面
但身为天才的马斯克，在南非的孩子中并不讨喜，甚至因为马斯克的不合群，而在中学时期遭遇过严重的校园暴力。当马斯克的母亲为此找到学校时，学校却以孩子之间的正常玩耍为由，拒绝承认校园暴力的存在。
But a genius, Mask, is not happy with his children in South Africa, even because of the discomfort of Mask, who experienced severe school violence during secondary school. When Mask’s mother found the school for this, the school refused to acknowledge the existence of school violence on the grounds of normal play between the children.
这段历史给马斯克的心灵留下了深刻的创伤，并在那个年纪就产生了移民美国的想法。
This history has left a deep wound to Mask's heart and, at that age, has given rise to the idea of migrating to the United States.
1989年，17岁的马斯克为了逃避南非的军役，也为了更方便移民美国，首先移民到了母亲的国家加拿大。当时他毫不掩饰的对自己对美国的崇拜，直言：“我美国是伟大事物发生的地方，它比世界上任何其他国家发生的伟大事物都要多得多。”
In 1989, 17-year-old Musk first emigrated to his mother's country, Canada, in order to escape South Africa's military service and to make it easier to emigrate to the United States. > > > > > > >I am the place where great things happen in America, far more than any other country in the world.
在加拿大的女王大学修学两年后，马斯克凭借出色的天赋，被美国宾利法尼亚大学录取，并在2年时间内取得了该学校两大专业的硕士学位。1995年，在马斯克考入斯坦福大学博士学位的第二天，对学校教育已经失去兴趣的马斯克毅然退学，并在互联网的萌芽时期，开始了他在商业旅途上的新传奇。
After two years at the Queen’s University in Canada, Mask was admitted to the University of Pennsylvania, United States, with outstanding talent, and obtained a master’s degree in two of its two major subjects. In 1995, on the second day of his admission to the University of Stanford’s doctorate in Musko, Musk, who had lost interest in school education, dropped out of school and began a new legend on his business journey during the dawn of the Internet.
马斯克在他20多岁时，因为将初创公司Zip2以3.07亿美元的价格卖给了Compaq Computers的一个部门，而获得了上千万美元的资产，并成为那个年纪少有的千万富翁。
When he was in his 20s, Mask acquired tens of millions of dollars of assets and became the smaller billionaires by selling Zip2 to a department in Compaq Computers at a price of $307 million.
1999年马斯克创立了一家在线金融服务公司X.com?，2000年X.com收购了Confinity，2001年通过技术合并创立了PayPal。2002年随着eBay以15亿美元的价格收购PayPal，马斯克也正式进军亿美国万富豪的行列，这也为马斯克为了创办其他公司创造了金钱上的条件基础。
In 1999, Mask created an online financial services company, X.com?, in 2000, X.com acquired Confinity, and in 2001, PayPal was created through a technological merger. With eBay’s acquisition of PayPal for $1.5 billion in 2002, Mask formally joined the billionaires in the United States, creating a financial base for Mask’s creation of other companies.
▲今天的PayPal官网
2002年马斯克成立了他的第三家公司SpaceX。2008年，NASA授予该公司处理国际空间站货物运输的合同，“未来计划进行宇航员运输 ”，以取代NASA自己的航天飞机任务。
In 2002, Mask established his third company, SpaceX. In 2008, NASA awarded it a contract to deal with the carriage of goods on the International Space Station, “for future plans to transport astronauts” to replace NASA’s own space shuttle mission.
2017年9月，马斯克为他的大猎鹰火箭提供了一个去往火星的设计方案，这是一个31引擎的庞然大物，顶部是一艘能够载至少100人的宇宙飞船。
In September 2017, Musk provided his Great Eagle rocket with a design to go to Mars, a grand object of 31 engines with a spaceship capable of carrying at least 100 people on top.
他透露，SpaceX的目标是在2022年首次向火星发射货物，这是他在红色星球上殖民化的首要目标之一，这一计划被马斯克规划为在2040年建立一个汇聚了8万无政府精英的火星基地。
He revealed that the goal of SpaceX was to launch goods into Mars for the first time in 2022, which was one of his primary objectives of colonization on the Red Planet, and that the plan had been planned by Musk for the establishment of a Mars base in 2040, bringing together 80,000 unincorporated elites.
事实上，这一计划比上世纪的人类登月还要伟大。只是，和登月计划所不同的是，登月计划消耗的是美国政府的钱，而这次火星移民消耗的将是马斯克自己的钱。
In fact, the plan is even greater than the last century’s human moon. Only, unlike the moon-landing plan, it consumes US government money, and this Martian migration will consume Muske’s own money.
马斯克这样做的原因在于，他十分担心小行星或是超级火山会摧毁人类，并曾在一次会议上公开直言：
The reason Mask did so was because he feared that asteroids or super-volcanics would destroy humanity and had spoken openly at a meeting:
我们面临着恐龙从未见过的风险：工程病毒，无意中造成的微型黑洞，灾难性的全球变暖或一些尚未知的技术可能意味着我们的终结。迟早，我们必须将生命扩展到这个绿色和蓝色的球之外——或者灭绝。
马斯克的这种疯狂行为背后，也和他对美国的不满有关。在马斯克获得美国居民的身份后，曾一反自己对美国的崇拜言论：“美国并不是完美的，美国已经做过许多愚蠢的事情，而美国做的事情也很糟糕。”
Behind this madness on the part of Mask is also related to his dissatisfaction with the United States. When he was granted the status of a resident of the United States, he used to say the opposite of his worship of the United States: “The United States is not perfect, America has done a lot of stupid things, and America has done terrible things.”
从崇拜到批判，马斯克对美国的态度走到了另一个极端。
From worship to criticism, Mask's attitude towards the United States went to another extreme.
而这种思想，简直和中本聪创造比特币来挑战世界金融体系的做法如出一辙。
只是马斯克选择了将人类迁移到火星来创造科技理想国的做法，而中本聪则直接从现有的世界规则进行了一个名为比特币的实验。
It was only Mask who chose to move human beings to Mars to create technology ideal countries, while Nakamoto carried out an experiment called Bitcoin directly from the existing world rules.
成为中本
甚至部分诈骗者，曾利用仿制“马斯克的推特账号”来对一些加密爱好者进行过多次诈骗，并获取了不少于100万美元的收入。
>even some fraudsters who used to imitate “mask Twitter accounts” to defraud a number of cryptographers and to earn not less than $1 million in revenue.
通过诈骗者的伪装频次，已经侧面表明加密爱好者有多喜欢马斯克。
Through the fraudster's many disguises, it has been shown on the side how much cryptographers like Musk.
而马斯克本身，也有挑战权威的烙印。
And Mask himself has a reputation for challenging authority.
在2013年，马斯克离开了马克扎克伯格的游说组织FWD.us后，曾公开发表自己对于现有政治不满的言论：?“我们不应该屈服于政治，如果我们屈服于此，我们就会得到对我们本不公平的政治制度。”
In 2013, when Mr. Mask left FWD.us, Mark Zuckerberg's lobbying organization, he made public his displeasure with existing politics: “We should not yield to politics, and if we do, we will have an unfair political system.”
2017年6月，在马斯克为特朗普以政府顾问的身份合作2年后，随着特朗普宣布退出“气候变化巴黎协定”，马斯克愤然与特朗普公开决裂。
In June 2017, two years after Musk cooperated as a government adviser to Trump, with Trump's announcement of withdrawal from the “Paris Agreement on Climate Change”, Mask publicly broke with Trump.
马斯克并不喜欢美国的任何党派，此前马斯克在接受华盛顿邮报采访时直言：“我是一个民主党人，也同时是一名共和党人，为了在美国政府中发表意见，政治捐款是一项要求。”
Mask did not like any of the parties in the United States, following an interview with the Washington Post in which he said, “I am a Democrat and also a Republican, and political donations are a requirement for an opinion in the United States Government”.
马斯克的我行我素，以及对火星移民基地的建设计划，让马斯克一直都是加密爱好者在推特上的重点关注对象。
Mask's work and plans to build a Mars migration base have kept Mask a constant focus of encrypt fans on Twitter.
正如生命科学杂志和一众国际媒体对马斯克的评价：“他正在改变世界”。
As the Journal of Life Sciences and a group of international media commented on Mask, “He is changing the world”.
而基于这段传奇经历，据福布斯报道截至2017年12月，埃隆马斯克的净资产为202亿美元，排在世界富豪榜的第47位。
On the basis of this legendary experience, Forbes reported that, as of December 2017, Elommask had a net asset of $20.2 billion, ranking 47th on the list of world rich.
不过基于PayPal的项目，也有媒体直言马斯克不可能成为中本聪。因为从目前的使用场景而言PayPal和比特币都属于跨国转账下的支付工具，他们构成了竞争关系，假如马斯克真的是中本聪，那他可能会面临来自PayPal的压力。
But there is also a media statement based on PayPal that Mask is unlikely to be a medium-breathing. Since PayPal and Bitcoin are instruments of payment under cross-border transfers from the current use scene, they form a competitive relationship, and if Maske is really a middle-bone, he may be under pressure from PayPal.
而相比中本聪，马斯克本人，似乎要更加“温和”一些。
It would seem to be more “moderate” than he would have been, Mr. Mask himself.
在被质疑为中本聪后的一次回应中，马斯克曾以政治正确的方式表明了自己对比特币的观点：“比特币是一个好东西，但它也是非法交易的工具”。
In a response that was questioned as being a post-medium benevolent, Musk expressed his point of view in a politically correct manner: “bitcoin is a good thing, but it is also an instrument of illicit trade”.
2018年12月的今天，比特币的信仰正在崩塌，没有谁真的喜欢比特币，大家喜欢的只是比特币带来的财富。
Today, December 2018, Bitcoin's faith is collapsing. No one really likes Bitcoin. All you like is the wealth that Bitcoin brings.
所以，对于马斯克而言，他是否是中本聪似乎只是一个态度问题。
So, for Muskeh, whether he was middle-aged seems to be just a question of attitude.
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