在市场深冬下，比特币再次开启暴跌模式。11月20日凌晨，比特币跌破5000美元大关。随后，比特币价格更是一路向下，失守4500美元，最低触及4100美元，再创年内新低，相比年初最高价缩水80%。
In the late winter of the market, Bitcoin set off another sharp fall. In the early morning of November 20, Bitcoin broke the $5,000 mark.
虽然今天下午，比特币价格又反弹至4600美元附近，但截至发文前，数字货币整体市值仍徘徊在1500亿美元左右，一周之内蒸发了600亿美元。
Although the price of Bitcoin rebounded this afternoon near $4,600, the overall market value of the digital currency remained at around $150 billion, evaporating $60 billion within a week, as of the time of the issuance of the communication.
除了BCH硬分叉带来的市场波动、共识破裂外，据分析人士指出，这次的大面积雪崩更与美国SEC近日的监管动态有关。11月16日，美国SEC在其官网上发布了《关于数字资产证券发行和交易的声明》，宣布对两个1CO项目进行处罚，并要求其将已发行的代币登记为证券。据悉，本次的判决结果也可能适用于过去两年中95％的1CO项目。
In addition to the market fluctuations and the breakdown of consensus brought about by the BCH hard split, analysts have pointed out that this large avalanche is more related to recent regulatory developments in the US SEC . On November 16, the US SEC released on its official website a Statement on Digital Asset Securities Issuance and Transactions, declaring two 1CO projects punishable and requiring them to register issued coins as securities. It is known that this judgement may also apply to 95% of 1CO projects in the last two years.
在市场看似已陷入四面楚歌的境地下，利空消息再次传来。据彭博社昨日报道，美国司法部正在对Tether和Bitfinex进行一项调查，怀疑其操纵币价，导致了去年年底比特币价格的大幅波动。
In a market that seems to be rife, news has come back. According to Bloomberg yesterday, the U.S. Department of Justice is conducting an investigation into Tether and Bitfinex, suspected of manipulation of currency prices, which led to significant price fluctuations in Bitcoin at the end of last year.
"USDT涉嫌操纵市场，美国司法部正就此展开调查"
The U.S. Department of Justice is investigating the alleged manipulation of the market.
据彭博社报道，虽然联邦检察官几个月前开始对数字货币进行广泛的刑事调查，但他们最近开始关注一个涉及比特币、Tether和交易所Bitfinex的错综复杂的网络，这个网络可能被用来非法操纵比特币价格。
According to Bloomberg, while federal prosecutors began an extensive criminal investigation of digital money a few months ago, they recently began to focus on a complex network involving Bitcoin, Tether and the exchange Bitfinex, which could be used to illegally manipulate bitcoin prices.
据悉，怀疑Tether公司和Bitfinex联合操纵比特币价格主要有以下几个依据：
According to the information received, Tether and Bitfinex are suspected of jointly operating Bitcoin prices on the following main grounds:
首先，Bitfinex拥有与Tether公司相同的管理团队，当新币进入市场时，大部分都是通过Bitfinex发行的。这种联系尚未得到公开承认，但已通过被泄露的法庭文件得以披露。
First, 其次，去年就有一些分析师开始注意到一种奇怪的趋势，当比特币价格上涨到20,000美元时，就会伴随着定期的下跌。在这些下跌期间，Tether就会神秘地释放数百万美元的新USDT以支撑市场，促使比特币价格的继续上涨。 Second, last year some analysts began to notice a strange trend, with periodic declines when the price of bitcoin rose to $20,000. During these downturns, Tether mysteriously released millions of dollars of new USDT to support the market, prompting the price of bitcoin to continue to rise. 一些交易员和学者声称，这些新发行的USDT被用于在价格普遍下降的关键时刻买入比特币。Tether公司CEO JL van der Velde和Bitfinex之前都曾否认过此类指控。Bitfinex总法律顾问和外部律师以及Tether公司则均未对此置评。 Some traders and scholars claim that these newly issued USDTs were used to buy Bitcoin at a critical time when prices generally fell. Tether, CEO JL van der Velde and Bitfinex, both of whom had previously denied such allegations, were not commented on by Bitfinex's General Counsel and external counsel, nor by Tether. 事实上，这种怀疑也并非空穴来凤。由于USDT的发行是由Tether公司自行决议的，未受公开审计，相应的美元储蓄也一直没有公开，USDT一直在透明度问题上饱受诟病，是否有足够的美元储蓄作为支撑也无从得知。 Indeed, this suspicion is not an empty one. Since the release of USDT was decided by Tether itself, it was not publicly audited, the corresponding dollar savings remain unpublicized, the USDT has been plagued by transparency problems, and it is not clear whether there is enough US dollar savings to support it. 去年，Tether公司和Bitfinex就收到了美国商品期货交易委员会（CFTC）的传票。今年6月，德克萨斯大学教授John Griffin和共同作者Amin Shams撰写了一份报告，解释了Tether的交易如何揭示支持和操纵比特币市场的模式。该报告声称，2017年比特币1400％的收益中约有一半来自Tether的市场操纵交易。 Last year, Tether and Bitfinex received summonses from the United States Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). In June this year, John Griffin, a professor at Texas University, and Amin Shams, co-author, wrote a report explaining how Tether’s transactions reveal patterns of support and manipulation of the Bitcoin market. The report states that about half of the 1400% of the profits from Bitcoin in 2017 came from Tether’s market manipulation. 据知情人士透露，Griffin已于今年早些时候与CFTC交谈，向CFTC简要介绍了他的调查结果。美国司法部和CFTC也在协调各自的调查活动，从而进行更进一步的追查。 According to sources, Griffin spoke to the CFC earlier this year to brief the CTC on his findings. The US Department of Justice and the CFC are also coordinating their respective investigations to further pursue them. "去年年底狂涨的背后：市场需求还是人为操纵？" "Behind last year's skyrocketing: market demand or man-made manipulation?" Tether是一家总部位于香港的公司。2014年，Tether公司推出首个稳定币USDT。2015年，USDT上线Poloniex和Bitfinex交易所。 Tether is a Hong Kong-based company. In 2014, Tether launched its first stable currency USDT. 据其白皮书介绍，USDT是一种与法币挂钩的数字货币，所有USDT都是通过Omni协议在比特币区块链上以代币的形式首次发行，每一个发行流通的USDT都与美元1：1挂钩。凭借其相关服务条款，持有人可以将持有的USDT与等值法定货币赎回、兑换。 According to its White Paper, USDT is a digital currency linked to French currency, all USDTs are issued for the first time on the Bitcoin block chain through an Omni agreement in the form of tokens, and each circulating USDT is linked to the dollar at 1:1. By virtue of its relevant service terms, the holder can redeem or convert the holdings of USDT with the equivalent legal currency. 据悉，司法部正在调查的内容包括USDT如何挂钩美元，Tether公司如何创造出新的稳定币，以及为何主要通过Bitfinex进入市场，其中调查的焦点之一是，近年来数字货币的快速增长完全是由实际需求驱动的，还是受到了市场操纵的影响。 According to the information received, the Ministry of Justice is investigating how USDT is pegged to the United States dollar, how Tether is creating a new stable currency, and why it is entering the market mainly through Bitfinex, one of the main points of which is whether the rapid growth of the digital currency in recent years has been driven entirely by real demand or influenced by market manipulation. 检察官和CFTC也一直在研究多项交易策略，包括欺骗性行为——用大量虚假订单充斥市场，诱骗其他交易者购买或出售数字货币。 Prosecutors and CFC have also been studying a number of trading strategies, including deceptive behaviour — filling the market with large numbers of false orders that induce other traders to buy or sell digital money. 但需要注意的是，美国司法部目前只是在调查Tether公司，还没有正式指控任何一方或实体的不法行为。同时此外，目前也还无法确定美国司法部是否仅关注Bitfinex的活动，还是也在调查Bitfinex的高管，美国司法部和CFTC也都拒绝对此发表评论。 But it is important to note that the U.S. Department of Justice is currently investigating Tether and has not formally charged any of the parties or entities with wrongdoing.
对于最终的调查结果，也有可能是未发现Bitfinex和比特币价格之间的任何关联。然而，在近一周的数字货币行情下，利空消息的接踵而至也会给整个市场带来更难以预料的影响。
For the final findings, there may also be no connection between Bitfinex and Bitcoin prices. However, in the context of digital currency developments in the past week, the flow of information could also have an even more unpredictable effect on the market as a whole.
"饱受质疑的老牌稳定币"
"Strange" "Standing Soldier Soldier"
今年10月初，在波多黎各注册的贵族银行（“ Noble Bank ”）被曝面临财务危机，正在以 500 万美元至 1000 万美元的价格寻求买家。贵族银行被认为是Tether公司的主要储备银行，一时，USDT也面临着美元储蓄不足、滥发、操纵比特币价格的多重质疑。
Early in October, the Noble Bank, a bank of nobility registered in Puerto Rico, was exposed to a financial crisis and was seeking buyers at a price of $5 million to $10 million. The nobility bank was considered to be the main reserve bank for Tether, and, at one point, the USDT faced multiple questions about insufficient United States dollar savings, excesses, and manipulation of Bitcoin prices.
10月15日，USDT信任危机集中爆发，作为稳定币的USDT行情走向“不稳定”，遭到大规模挤兑性抛售，币价一度跌破0.88美元，跌幅高达7.5%。与此同时，在市场恐慌情绪的作用下，大量资金流入以比特币为首的主流币，短短几个小时内，比特币大涨近15%，价格一度突破7500美元。
On October 15, a USDT crisis of confidence erupted, leading to a “stability” of the USDT as a stable currency, which was sold on a massive scale, with a fall of 0.88 dollars, up to 7.5%. At the same time, as a result of market panic, massive capital inflows in the main currency, headed by Bitcoin, rose by nearly 15% in just a few hours, at a price of almost $7,500 a time.
且在USDT遭遇滑铁卢的同时，其他稳定币也迅速崛起，尤其是GUSD和PAX这两种得到纽约金融服务局批准的稳定币，陆续上线各大交易所。据相关数据显示，目前全球正在部署或已在运行的稳定币已高达57个，USDT的市场份额已遭到压缩。
And, with the USDT in Waterloo, other stable currencies have also risen rapidly, particularly those that have been approved by the New York Financial Services Authority (NYFSA) and that have been introduced to major exchanges. According to relevant data, there are now as many as 57 stable currencies deployed or in operation globally, and the market share of the USDT has been reduced.
在此之后，虽然Tether一直在做一些澄清和补救的工作，但也饱受破产和托管银行传言的困扰。
After that, while Tether has been doing some work of clarification and redress, it has also been plagued by rumours of bankruptcy and trusteeship banks.
10月25日，Tether公司通过官方推特宣布已销毁5亿枚USDT。Tether公司还称，将留下4.46亿枚USDT用于准备未来的USDT发行。
On 25 October, Tether announced through official Twitter that 500 million USDTs had been destroyed. Tether also stated that 446 million USDTs would be left to prepare for future USDT releases.
11月1日，Tether发布声明称找到了一个新的银行合作伙伴，位于巴哈马的Deltec Bank＆Trust。Deltec Bank＆Trust Limited隶属于Deltec集团，在全球范围内提供了超过70年的金融服务。Tether在该银行持有18.3亿美元资产，足以支持17.8亿美元尚未偿还的USDT。
On 1 November, Tether issued a statement stating that a new banking partner had been found, Deltec Bank & Trust, located in the Bahamas. Deltec Bank & Trust Limited, affiliated with the Deltec Group, provided financial services worldwide for more than 70 years.
在看似正逐渐走出信任危机的时候，美国司法部的这次调查可能又将让投资者对USDT丧失信心，因为在银行托管问题解决后，USDT可能又将再次面临操纵比特币价格的指控。
This investigation by the U.S. Department of Justice, as it appears to be emerging from a crisis of trust, may cause investors to lose confidence in the USDT, which may again face charges of manipulation of Bitcoin prices once the bank hosting issue is resolved.
虽然最终的调查结果还需等待，但这个老牌稳定币似乎已难以避免再次被推上风口浪尖的命运。
While the final findings are still to be seen, it seems difficult to avoid being pushed once again to the brink of fate.
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