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徐 骏作 Xu Bong |
台湾现在投资什么最热？答案是与虚拟货币联结的ICO（区块链项目首次代币发行）。当岛内新创企业募资困难重重，5月初，台湾区块链新创圈的最新指标案例──币托（BitoEX）募资案，一天多就募到6亿元新台币，在投资圈引爆话题。
What is the hottest investment in Taiwan now? The answer is the ICO, which is linked to the virtual currency (the block chain project was issued as a token for the first time). When the island’s start-up business was difficult to raise money, early in May, the latest indicator case of a new circle in the Taiwan block chain, the BitoEX fund-raising case, raised more than $600 million in one day and triggered the issue in the investment ring.
币托执行长郑光泰原本预估，首次募集代币1.75亿颗要花1个月时间。结果上线5小时就募了1000万美元，26小时代币全数售罄，换算成市价，募资总额超过6.5亿元。“隔天就募完，大家吓一跳，但下一句是问：‘怎么办！？’”
Executive Director Zheng Guangtai had estimated that it would take a month to collect 175 million dollars for the first time. As a result, $10 million was raised in five hours, and 26 small-time coins were sold out, converted into market prices and raised more than $650 million. “On the next day, we're done, and we're all scared, but the next line is, "What do we do?"
不断创新的区块链
Innovative Block Chain
ICO已经成为区块链新创越来越常用的募资途径，募资对象是一般大众。其实币托不是台湾第一家做代币发售的交易所。其他如零手续费交易所考宾虎（Cobinhood）、场外交易平台OTCBTC，都曾公开向民众募资。去年底OTCBTC募资近12亿元新台币，金额比币托还大。
The ICO has become a new and more common source of fund-raising in the block chain, targeting the general public. Indeed, it is not Taiwan’s first exchange for currency sales. Others such as Cobinhood, an off-site trading platform such as OTCBTC, have publicly raised funds from the public.
在区块链领域要发展，就必须不断创新。成立交易所前，币托是岛内一家老牌的虚拟货币交易平台。2014年成立，郑光泰直接找超商全家合作，用新台币就可以买比特币，在台湾打开了市场。随着虚拟货币价值水涨船高，从全家购买比特币的交易量稳定增加，今年第一季度较去年同期成长七成。另一家平台麦考因（maicoin）则有样学样，2017年跟进找超商莱尔富合作。
The first quarter of this year was 70% more than the same period last year. Another platform, Maicoin, was set up in 2017 to follow up with Leafour.
成立交易所是币托的新计划。今年3月，交易所比特波（BitoPro）在台湾正式上线，业务将涵盖法币交易（用台币或美元等买比特币、以太币、ICO币）、币币交易（虚拟货币间互相买卖）、杠杆交易（向平台借钱投资）和场外交易。
An exchange is a new plan for a currency trust. In March this year, the exchange Bitobo is officially on the line in Taiwan. The business will cover French currency transactions (buying bitcoins, emasculates, ICOs, and so on in Taiwan or the United States dollar), currency transactions (trading between virtual currencies), leverage transactions (lending money from the platform) and off-the-shelf transactions.
靠着发售代币吸引用户只是第一步，币托要在竞争激烈的交易所间留下用户，终将取决于平台的用户体验、交易质量和安全保障。一位业内人士分析，交易所多角化经营，才能减少对手续费收入的依赖。因为现在交易所太多了，投资人一定会跑去手续费低的交易所。
Attracting users by selling tokens is only the first step, and it will ultimately depend on the platform’s user experience, quality of transactions, and security. An in-houser analyzes that the exchange operates in a multi-faceted manner to reduce reliance on fee earnings. Because there are too many exchanges now, investors are bound to go to low-cost exchanges.
像比特波，交易所的手续费初期为1‰到2‰，是原本代买代卖平台的1/10。但有平台则更进一步，去年才正式成立的考宾虎已主打零手续费。该平台第一次公开募币，就募得新台币4亿元，为此被台“科技部”点名表扬，是台湾最有潜力成为独角兽的企业之一。
For example, Bitbo, the exchange’s fees ranged from 1 per 1,000 to 2 per 1,000, an initial one-tenth of the original offer for the platform. But there were platforms, and last year’s first official call for money was made at a zero fee. The platform raised 400 million dollars for the first time publicly, and was praised by the Ministry of Science and Technology as one of Taiwan’s most promising businesses to become a unicorn.
台部门倾向纳入监管
Sectors tend to include regulation
与资金市场的热火朝天相对的，则是台监管部门的安全考量。
In contrast to the heat in the capital market, it is the security concerns of the regulatory authorities.
与现实社会的交易所不同，在虚拟货币世界，交易所是民间设立，没有家数限制，投资人来自全球各地。目前全球大多数国家和地区，对虚拟货币交易所和ICO的监管仍莫衷一是。
Unlike real-world exchanges, in the virtual currency world, the exchange is private-owned, with no restrictions on numbers, and investors come from all over the world. Most countries and regions around the world still have little interest in regulating the virtual currency exchange and the ICO.
台“法务部长”邱太三近期表示，已邀集“金管会”“内政部”“央行”“警政署”“调查局”等单位协商，为强化洗钱防制工作，研议将比特币等虚拟货币纳入管理，预计在今年11月APG（亚太防制洗钱组织评鉴）召开前完成相关工作。
In order to strengthen the prevention of money-laundering, the Minister of Justice, Qiu Tai, has recently indicated that he has been invited to consult with the “Ministry of the Interior” “Central Bank” and the “Investigation Bureau” of the “Police Administration”, among others, to consider the integration of virtual currencies, such as Bitcoin, into the management process, which is expected to be completed before the convening of the APG (Review of the Asia-Pacific Anti-Money Laundering Organization) in November this year.
日前有“立委”在“立法院”质询时表示，比特币买家根本不知道其身份，目前台“财政部”仅能对交易平台赚取的手续费课征营业税，比特币交易的获利根本就无从课税。“金管会主委”顾立雄也放出口风，正研议是否比特币在台交易采取“实名制”。同样热炒虚拟货币的韩国，政府要求投资人把现有加密货币交易所账户转换为银行实名账户，或在银行开设实名认证账户来交易这类虚拟资产，以提高交易透明度。
Recently, the “Commission” questioned the Legislative Council, stating that the buyers of Bitcoin were not aware of their identities, that the current “Ministry of Finance” could only levy a turnover tax on fees earned by the trading platform, and that the profits from the Bitcoin transaction could not be taxed at all. The “Board of Gold Councils” was also exporting, and was debating whether to “realize” Bitcoin transactions on the stage. In Korea, which was also hot for virtual currency, the government required investors to convert existing encrypted currency exchange accounts into real-name bank accounts, or to open a real-name certified bank account to deal with such virtual assets in order to increase transparency of transactions.
根据“金管会”调查，针对比特币交易商，目前的确有凯基、玉山等4家台湾银行提供金流服务，“金管会”已要求银行须加强交易监控。“银行局”表示，银行接受比特币等虚拟货币交易商开户后，都会将其列为高风险客户，不能进行网络银行业务，即比特币交易商与银行业务来往一定要到柜台办理。“银行局”强调，因岛内还没有特殊规范，所以对于虚拟货币、区块链等应用非常审慎，不过同时也希望“保留市场自由的可能性”。
According to the “Golden Council” survey, four Taiwan banks, Kaki and Tamayama, are currently providing gold flow services, and the “Golden Council” has asked banks to strengthen their transaction controls. The “Bank Bureau” states that banks, when opening accounts with virtual money dealers, such as Bitcoin, are classified as high-risk customers and cannot carry out online banking operations, i.e. Bitcoin traders must travel to the counter. The “Bank Bureau” emphasizes that since there are no special regulations in the island, the application of virtual currency, block chains, etc. is very cautious, but it also wishes to “maintain the possibility of free markets”.
如何平衡安全与创新
How to Balance Security and Innovation
虽然虚拟货币火热，但不少台民众一直觉得，ICO市场充满投机、诈骗。“立委”许毓仁也认为，“现在很多ICO白皮书根本就是随便抄一抄，连团队的照片都是网络上抓来的。”这些都让外界的观感不佳，也增加了当局有关部门加大管理的支持度。
Although virtual money is hot, many people have been feeling that the ICO market is full of speculation and fraud. The “Commission” also believes that “many of the ICO white papers are now simply being copied, and even the team’s photos are being captured online.” These have led to a negative perception on the outside and increased the support of the authorities for greater management.
年仅27岁的考宾虎创办人陈泰元表示，区块链“还是一个蓝海市场”，期待台湾成为区块链研发重镇。陈泰元表示，希望能利用平台打造台湾的区块链生态系统，让“虚拟货币的华尔街”出现在台湾。
Chen Tae Won, a 27-year-old co-founder of the Kauping Tiger, said that the block chain “is also a blue sea market” and looked forward to Taiwan becoming a major part of the chain of development and development. Chen Tae Won expressed the hope that the platform would be used to build Taiwan’s block chain ecosystem and that “Wall Street, a virtual currency” would appear in Taiwan.
台湾也颇有支持陈泰元的声音。第一，台湾有科技人才优势，近年许多区块链新创也都纷纷以台湾为基地。第二，区块链是开源的技术，跟人工智能或大数据不同，不存在数据量的门坎。第三，目前台湾的区块链社群已相当多，民间社会拥有巨大的能量。第四，2000年网络泡沫化后，台湾网络产业走得辛苦，过去几十年靠着电子制造业立住脚跟。许多人说区块链是“互联网 2.0”，台湾该如何抓住这个新的风口？
Taiwan also has a strong voice in support of Chen Tae Won. First, Taiwan has a strong talent in technology, and many of the new block chains in recent years have been based on Taiwan. Second, the block chain is open-source technology, unlike artificial intelligence or big data, with no data available.
台湾金融科技协会常务监事蔡玉玲认为，ICO本身确实存在许多的问题，但她也反问，如果这是产业创新重要的机会，那当局如何拿捏管制力道？
Chief Inspector Choi Yu Ling, Taiwan Financial Science and Technology Association, argued that the ICO itself did have many problems, but she also asked how the authorities would take control if this was an important opportunity for industrial innovation.
针对外界疑虑，业界也在想办法。台湾区块链产业自律联盟日前成立时，币安执行长赵长鹏就说，“在没有政府监管的情况下，越要做得规矩、做得正。”业界应该自己找出一个方式，让大家知道什么是好的ICO项目、什么是坏的。
When Taiwan’s block chain-based self-regulation union was formed, the CEO, Zhao Chang Peng, said, “The more you have to behave properly and properly without government oversight.” The industry should find a way to know what is good ICO projects and what is bad.
当然，蔡玉玲认为当局并不是什么都不要管，洗钱、税的部分还是要透过相关部门处理，但因为区块链特性是跨国发展、无地域性，当局管得也很有限，因此采取低度管理、支持业者自律会是更好的做法。只是，这样的理由能足够说服民众和当局管理部门吗？
Of course, Tsai Yu Ling believes that the authorities do not care about nothing, that the money-laundering and tax components are dealt with through the relevant authorities, but because the chain of blocks is transnational, non-geographical and limited, it would be better to adopt low-level regulation and self-regulation on the part of those who support it. Is that enough reason enough to convince the public and the authorities?
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