区块链：其来源于一个神秘的组织：密码朋克（Cypherpunk）
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由以上的积累，2008年中本聪发布《比特币：一个点对点的电子现金系统》
From the above accumulation, Ben-Sung released Bitcoin: an electronic cash system on a point-to-point basis in mid-2008
在将比特币综合提升后，又提出了区块链技术（一系列技术的集合）
After the consolidation of Bitcoin, the block chain technology (a collection of a range of technologies) was introduced.
（比特币中的数据是一个个区块来存储的，并且通过hash的方式将数据连接起来，由此成为区块链）
(The data in Bitcoin is stored by a block and links the data in a shash way, making it a block chain)
应用场景
Apply scene
资产：数字资产发行、支付（跨境支付）、交易、结算
Assets: digital asset issuance, payments (cross-border payments), transactions, settlements
记账：股权交易、供应链金融、商业积分
Accounting: equity transactions, supply chain finance, business credits
不可篡改：溯源、众筹、医疗证明、存在性证明
Irreversible: retroactive, public fund-raising, medical certificate, proof of existence
点对点：共享经济、物联网
Point-to-Point: Shared Economy, Material Networking
隐私：匿名交易
Privacy: anonymous transactions
比特币是一种数字货币，即一串数字，但具备信用价值。
Bitcoin is a digital currency, a string of numbers, but has a credit value.
其信用来源于：财产只受自己控制、无通胀、没有假钞、流通性好
Its credit comes from its own control, no inflation, no counterfeit money, good liquidity.
且没有中心化记账系统，其均存储于每一个比特币节点
And there is no centralized accounting system, which is stored at every bitcoin node.
比特币的原理：
Bitcoin:
Hash（哈希函数）：Hash（原始信息）=摘要信息
Hash (Hash function): Hash (original information) = summary information
特点：同样的原始信息用同一个哈希函数总能得到相同的摘要信息、原始信息任何微小的变化都会哈希出面目全非的摘要信息、从摘要信息无法逆向推算出原始信息（MD5就是一个哈希函数）
Features: The same raw information always gets the same summary information in the same Hash function, any minor change in the original information will have a completely different summary information, and the raw information cannot be extrapolated from the abstract information in reverse (MD5 is a Hash function)
在比特币中是以账号-》地址的形式
In bitcoin, in the form of an account number--
每一个地址都有对应的唯一私钥
Each address has its own private key.
非对称加密技术（交易签名）
Asymmetric encryption technology (transaction signature)
交易进行hash得到摘要、用私钥对摘要进行签名
The transaction hash gets a summary and a private key is used to sign the summary.
（即在不泄露私钥的情况下证明自己具备私钥）
(i.e. prove that you have a private key without disclosing it)
每次交易进行广播交易
为什么记账？（挖矿-工作量证明）
Why do you keep the books? (mining -- workload proof)
一段时间内只有一个人可以记账成功、通过解决密码学难题（即工作量证明）竞争获得唯一记账权、其他节点复制记账结果
Only one person has been able to record the records successfully for a period of time, to compete for the sole rights to account by resolving cryptography problems (i.e. workload proof), and to copy the results of other nodes
交易记录集
Collection of transaction logs
收集广播中还没有被记录账本的交易、交易的有效性验证、添加一笔给自己转账的交易（挖矿奖励）
Collection of transactions on radio that have not yet been recorded, validation of the validity of the transaction, addition of a transaction that is transferred to itself (mining incentive)
以谁的账本为准？（共识机制）
Whose books? (consensus mechanism)
两个节点同时完成工作量证明，使用谁的区块？
Who is the block to be used when both nodes complete the workload certification at the same time?
比特币中是无仲裁机构裁决
There's no arbitration body in Bitcoin.
共识机制：累积工作量最大的区块链、独立、延长最长链
Consensus-building mechanism: chain of blocks with the greatest accumulated workload, independence, extension of maximum chain
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