编辑导语：宇宙本质上是对现实世界的虚拟化、数字化过程，需要对内容生产、经济系统、用户体验以及实体世界内容等进行大量改造。但元宇宙的发展是循序渐进的，是在共享的基础设施、标准及协议的支撑下，由众多工具、平台不断融合、进化而最终成形。本文就元宇宙为话题，讲解了Web 3.0。推荐对元宇宙感兴趣的观众阅读。
The universe is essentially a virtualizing, digitizing process in the real world, requiring a lot of adaptations in content production, economic systems, user experience, and physical world content. But the development of the metacosystem is gradual, supported by shared infrastructure, standards, and protocols, with a variety of tools, platforms that are constantly integrated and evolved.
如果从1989 年，CERN（欧洲粒子物理研究所）中由 Tim Berners-Lee 领导的小组提交了一个针对互联网的新协议和一个使用该协议的文档系统，该小组将这个新系统命名为 World Wide Web，简称 WWW（万维网）的创建开始计算，互联网已经走过32个年头，在漫长的发展历程中，互联网也经历了2次巨大的变迁。
If from 1989 the CERN (European Particle Physics Institute) team led by Tim Berners-Lee had submitted a new protocol for the Internet and a document system using the agreement, the group had started to calculate the creation of the new system, WorldWide Web, the Internet had gone 32 years, and the Internet had undergone two major changes in its long development.
最近国内频繁的反垄断调查和国家不断通报的许多移动应用涉嫌超范围采集个人隐私信息被点名，似乎都在向我们昭示着当前的互联网又到了变革前的动荡。
Recent frequent antimonopoly investigations in the country and many of the mobile applications constantly reported by the State, suspected of over-extensive gathering of personal privacy information, have been named as showing us yet another wave of pre-change instability on the Internet.
互联网早期的那一批协议如TCP, IP, SMTP 和 HTTP，我们叫它 Web1.0 协议，它们秉承的是开放性和包容性的精神，它们是开放的标准。这意味着在世界上的任何地方的任何人，都能站在平等的位置上，在他们之上构建系统，而不需要经过任何人的准许。比如你现在手里的iPhone/Android手机，或者你每天都会打开的微信，都是基于这些开源代码。
The early protocols on the Internet, like TCP, IP, SMTP and HTTP, we call it Web1.0, which is based on the spirit of openness and inclusiveness, which are the standards of openness. This means that anyone anywhere in the world can stand on an equal footing and build the system above them without anyone's permission. The iPhone/Android phone that you have now, or the micro-letter that you open every day, is based on these open source codes.
因为互联网的核心协议是开源的，没人能单方面控制互联网，正是基于这些底层协议的中立和稳定，在其之上才能让全世界处在不同利益两端的组织共同聚集和运行在这些协议上，并在此之上互相连接。
Because the core protocols of the Internet are open-sourced, and no one can control the Internet unilaterally, it is on the basis of the neutrality and stability of those bottom protocols that organizations around the world can gather and operate together on, and be connected to, these agreements.
随着WWW（万维网）的出现，人们开始在网站上创作各种类型的信息，例如图文、音视频等。
With the advent of WWW (World Wide Web), people began to create various types of information on the site, such as graphics, audio-visuals, etc.
但当时有能力创作或有精力创作的大部分都是传统行业的报社、新闻媒体等机构。这一时间诞生了很多大家熟知的公司，例如Google、Yahoo、搜狐、新浪，他们通过聚合各种网页的海量信息构成了门户网站，吸引用户点击观看，以此插入广告通过流量变现。
But most of those who were able to create or work with energy were traditional newspapers, news media, etc. This time was the birth of well-known companies, such as Google, Yahoo, Fox Search, and New Wave, which, by bringing together the big information of various web pages, formed portals that attracted users to click and view, thereby inserting advertisements that were realized through traffic.
就好比你看电视，只能看别人想展现给我们的内容，而我们没有办法左右电视台播放的内容。
It's like watching TV, watching what people want to show us, and we don't have a way of influencing what we're showing.
Web1.0的开放协议让今天的互联网变得可能。但是，对于应用开发者来说，它们并不是一套完整的乐高积木。还有很多部分的协议缺失了，比如数据的存储协议，基于数据的计算协议等。
Web1.0’s open protocol makes today’s Internet possible. But, for application developers, they are not a complete set of Lego blocks. There are many missing protocols, such as data storage protocols, data-based computing protocols, etc.
而Web2.0的科技巨头更进一步，因为开源很难盈利，所以这些创业公司的商业模式是在这些互联网的开放协议上构建带产权的闭源的协议。这些协议就是Web2.0协议，从而建立起了强大的商业模式（这是它们出现的本质原因）。
And the technology giant of Web 2.0 goes further, because open-sources are difficult to earn, so the business model of these start-up companies is to build closed-source agreements with property rights on these Internet open protocols. These agreements are Web 2.0 agreements, thus creating a powerful business model (which is the essence of what they are.
这其中少数创业公司有一些已经变成了人类历史上最有价值的公司，你肯定听过其中一些。然后，也因为这些公司，数十亿人几乎免费地用上了伟大的新科技。
A few of these start-up companies have become some of the most valuable companies in human history, and you must have heard some of them. Then, and also because of them, billions of people have access to the great new technology, almost free of charge.
Web 2.0协议的出现，引来了一波创新浪潮。随着越来越多的用户加入进来，一些新的有意思的创新模式随之诞生，此时诞生的产品形态也和Web 1.0发生了变化，此时诞生的更多是平台型或者双边/多变型产品，例如微博、贴吧、Facebook、Twitter等，这些创新的产品都有一个共同点就是允许用户自主生成内容并发布到平台与其他用户发生互动，此时属于信息交互的时代。
The advent of the Web 2.0 agreement has given rise to a wave of innovation. As more and more users have joined in, new and interesting models of innovation have emerged, with changes in product patterns and Web 1.0, and more often in platform-based or bilateral/multivariate products, such as microblogging, stickers, Facebook, Twitter, etc., all of which have a common point in allowing users to generate content autonomously and publish it to interact with other users, which is an era of information interaction.
Web 2.0的平台模式做大做强的核心是网络效应。那什么是网络效应呢？比如你穿越回唐朝，在皇城根难得找了一块空地，你在上面盖了些毛坯房，然后你就去附近的街道上发传单跟大家说都来这交易吧，这块离皇城近，人流量大，还不收你们房租，只需要在你们每笔交易中抽取5%的当作物业费就行。
The core of the Web 2.0 platform model is the network effect. What is the net effect? For example, you travel back to Tang Dynasty, you find a lot of empty land at the roots of the palace, you build some fury on it, and then you go to the nearby streets and you send out leaflets and you tell everyone about the deal. It's close to the city, there's a lot of people, you don't charge your rent, and you just charge 5 per cent of your crop bill for each transaction.
起初有一批外围的商家在那里开了一些小分店吸引了一批买家，慢慢的剩余的卖家因为看到那里确实能发生交易陆陆续续都搬到你的市场里去了，商家越多，卖的种类多样化又为你带来了更多的买家。你靠着撮合买家卖家发生更多的交易获得更多的收益，而且由于马太效应买家卖家越集中你这块市场的价值就越大。对应到我们的现实生活中就是淘宝、美团、滴滴这些我们每天都在用的产品。 但是因为有网络效应/马太效应，慢慢的市场上每个垂直领域中都只剩极少数的平台存在，其他小平台都因为没有用户，竞争不过而折戟沉沙。这也慢慢展露出来
At first, a number of outliers opened small branches there, attracting buyers, slowly moving the rest of the sellers to your market because of the fact that there are real transactions there, and the more there are traders, the more diverse they sell, the more they bring you buyers. You earn more by making more deals with buyers, and the more value you have in your market, because the more the sellers of the Matthews, the more the sellers concentrate on your market, the more the real life we have, the more the treasures, the merchandies, the droplets that we use every day. But because of the network effect/Ma too, there are only a handful of platforms in every vertical area of the market, and the other small platforms are slowly showing up because there are no users, but competition.
第一个问题就是平台背后都由公司运营，公司的使命是让股东利益最大化：
The first is that the platform is operated by companies whose mission is to maximize shareholder benefits:
产品上线给用户免费甚至补贴给用户用，让用户逐渐离不开这个产品。比如说滴滴，起初价格补贴让用户都来这里打车，又给一些有车的用户提供另外一种兼职模式，平台内部逐渐的让供给方和需求方都离不开滴滴，外部市场上通过疯狂的价格补贴抢占市场份额形成寡头地位。
Users are provided with free or even subsidized products. For example, price subsidies initially allow users to take their cars here, and a different part-time model is offered to some users with cars. The platform's internalization has gradually left both the supply side and the demand side in isolation, and the external market has become oligopolistic through frenzy price subsidies to capture market shares.
之后他会在开车/坐车交易的基础上不断的把这个交易模型里的增值部分抽取到手，这在经济学上叫寻租。（在经济交易或者生产中的贡献没有变，但因为地位特殊，或者有一些特殊的权利，不断地扩大自己的收益，压缩其它参与者的收益，就是寻租）
He will then take the value added from this model of the transaction, economically called rent-seeking, on the basis of driving/car-trading transactions. (There is no change in the contribution to economic transactions or production, but because of special status or some special rights, he constantly expands his earnings, compresses the gains of other participants, is rent-seeking)
第二个问题就是不公平：
The second problem is injustice:
因为平台之所以有现在这么大的价值和网络效应，是因为大家都来参与才创造的。平台长大之后，不仅不给大家分钱，还要从大家身上赚更多的钱。那些依赖于平台而生存的某些职业，在平台的利益分配上，没有定价权。
Because the platform is so valuable and networked that it is created because everyone is involved. When the platform grows up, not only does it not distribute money, but it also earns more from it. Some professions that depend on the platform for their survival have no pricing power over the distribution of the platform’s benefits.
第三个问题是用户数据隐私问题：
The third issue is user data privacy:
谈到数据保护和数据隐私，我们不得不提到关于 App 的使用，几乎每年都会有关于手机软件在未经用户授权的前提下收集用户隐私，而这都是因为系统本身和软件之间存在隔阂，从本质上就已经出了问题。
Turning to data protection and data privacy, we have to mention that, with regard to the use of App, there is almost every year a problem with cellular software collecting user privacy without user authorization, all because of the separation between the system itself and the software.
还有现在我们在使用 Web2.0 的应用时，往往第一件事就是被网站或者互联网公司要求我们注册，于是我们的许多个人信息就被收集起来了。但是，中心化的公司一方面可能会将我们的个人信息和数据透露给其他机构，也可能会被泄露，即使是最大的应用 Facebook 也经历过好几次用户信息泄露的事件。
And now, when we use Web 2.0 applications, often the first thing is that we are required to register by websites or Internet companies, so much of our personal information is collected. But, while centralized companies may leak our personal information and data to other agencies, they may be leaked, and even the biggest application Facebook has experienced several leaks of user information.
在区块链技术还没出现之前，互联网圈就出现了1.0版本对Web 3.0的理解：
Prior to the advent of block chain technology, version 1.0 of the understanding of Web 3.0 appeared in the Internet circle:
随着人工智能的逐渐应用，一些新的互联网商业模式正在兴起，比如每当我们在阅读新闻时，网站的算法会根据我们之前的文章偏好，自动给推荐类似的文章，每次在网上购物，也会推荐更有倾向购买的物品。
With the progressive application of artificial intelligence, a number of new Internet business models are emerging, such as, whenever we read news, web site algorithms automatically recommend similar articles, shopping online, and more pro-purchase items, depending on our previous preferences.
这意味着网站可以通过用户的行为，开始学习和分析，变得更加智能，所以，一些互联网从业者便把 Web3.0 定义为“更智能的互联网”。
This means that the website can become more intelligent through user behaviour, learning and analysis, so some Internet practitioners define Web3.0 as a “smarter Internet”.
其主要特征是，机器能读懂任何信息（也就是语义网），网站根据信息提供智能删选和提供更好的信息（人工智能），互联网无处不在（物联网）。
Its main features are that the machine can read any information (i.e. semantic network), that the website provides intelligent deletions and better information based on information ( artificial intelligence), and that the Internet is ubiquitous (material networking).
但当时对Web 3.0的理解并不能解决Web 2.0已出现的问题，直到区块链技术的发展和结合区块链结束对Web 3.0的解读的出现。
However, the understanding of Web 3.0 at that time did not resolve the problems that had arisen in Web 2.0 until the development of block chain technology and the end of the interpretation of Web 3.0.
区块链部分的知识，我会在下一系列的文章中具体阐述。在这里想要理解Web 3.0只需要理解：
The knowledge of the section of the block chain, which I will specify in the next series of articles, is that all we need to understand here is Web 3.0:
比特币用密码学的一些基础设施比如数字签名，Web1.0的开放协议（TCP，UDP等），和一个非常聪明的激励结构来构建了一个集体所有的中立的数据库，或者叫分布式账本，用于记录比特币的交易/支付数据。
Some of the infrastructure of Bitcoin by cryptography, such as digital signatures, the Web1.0 Open Agreement (TCP, UDP, etc.), and a very smart incentive structure to construct a collective-owned neutral database, or a distributed account book, for recording Bitcoin's transaction/payment data.
分布式数据库的创新点就是它的安全性是由它的用户自下而上创建的，而这个用户可以是任何人，在任何地点，不需要征得任何人同意就可以参与进来。它的挑战性就在于，许多参与者是不诚实的，他们会想在这个系统中钻空子获利，比如篡改数据。
The innovation point of the distributed database is that its security is created from the bottom up by its users, who can be anyone, anywhere, without anyone’s consent. The challenge is that many of the participants are dishonest and they want to profit from the system, for example, by tampering with data.
比特币的高明之处是它设计了一个激励体系，让系统可以自我监管，它不把数据库放在一个”可信赖“的数据中心，因为这个数据中心的拥有者大概率结局又会变成Google这种大公司，而是在网络上每个参与者都持有一份他们自己的拷贝。
Bitcoin's wisdom is that it has designed an incentive system that allows the system to self-regulate, and it does not place the database in a "trustworthy" data centre, because the owner of this data centre will probably end up in a big company like Google, with each participant in the network holding a copy of their own.
那么比特币是怎么设计这个激励体系的呢？
So how did Bitcoin design this incentive system?
利用工作量证明：
Using workload proof:
内在逻辑是你必须给这个数据库贡献安全性以获得投票资格和回报。结果是形成了一种优雅的激励结构，该结构鼓励网络中的参与者相互检查。因此，即使他们彼此不信任，他们也会信任他们一直共同保护的这个数据库（分布式账本）。
The underlying logic is that you must contribute security to this database in order to obtain voting qualifications and returns. The result is an elegant incentive structure that encourages participants in the network to check each other.
以太坊则是在比特币的基础上又往前走了一大步，它不仅仅是一个分布式数据库，而是一个分散的、集体所有的世界计算机。以太坊提供虚拟机和构建块，让开发者可以使用虚拟机开发应用，在它之上运行的程序一旦部署，反过来也归集体所有。没有人类机构控制它们。
It is a big step forward on the basis of bitcoin, not just as a distributed database, but as a decentralized, community-owned world computer. It provides virtual machines and building blocks that allow developers to use virtual machines to develop applications, and the programs that operate on them, once deployed, are collectively owned. There are no human institutions to control them.
从某种意义上说，他们是独立的；一旦写成，他们就乖乖地按照所写的去做，不受任何人的权威。
In a sense, they are independent; once written, they do what they say and do not have the authority of anyone.
区块链技术的发展推动了无信任、去中心化、自治理观念的成熟。
Developments in block chain technology have contributed to the maturity of the concepts of trustlessness, de-centralization and self-governance.
就比如说你是某创业团队的一员，你们用技术把市场给建造起来。现在这个市场没有买家，也没有卖家，怎么办呢？把市场的所有权变成股票。谁到这儿来交易，就发股票，以后这个市场的利润根据股份来分配，股票就是通证token。
For example, you're part of an entrepreneurial team that you use technology to build the market. Now there's no buyer or seller in this market. What do you do? Turn the ownership of the market into a stock. Whoever comes here deals shares, then the profits in this market are distributed according to the shares.
这些商家一看，在淘宝做生意，只能得到销售利润，还得让平台抽取手续费，在去中心化的电商平台，可能一开始没什么人在这买，但是你给我通证了，那看在钱的份上，我过来吧。这个卖家过来了之后呢，甚至会因为有这个通证的补贴，他愿意去以低于市场的价格去提供服务，那么就吸引买家跟过来，逐渐地网络效应就建立起来。
These merchants, when they look at doing business in treasures, can only get a profit from sales, they have to charge the platform, they may not buy it in the first place at a decentralised power platform, but you gave me a pass, and for money, I'll come over. When this dealer comes, he'll even be willing to offer his services at a lower price than the market, and he'll attract buyers to follow and build up the network gradually.
最终网络起来之后，它不被任何单一的人或者少数人群体控制，是这些利益相关者构成社区来控制这个网络协议或者叫加密网络，加密网络属于通证的持有者。
When eventually networked, it is not controlled by any single person or minority group, and it is these stakeholders that form the community to control the network protocol or the encryption network, which is the holder of the pass.
比如说对整个加密网络的更新，我们在开发互联网服务的时候，快速迭代，一周就发布一个新版本，但是记账规则是写在区块链上的，是去中心化的，任何人都不能想修改就修改。所以升级要有正统性，要有一种办法能够把社区召集起来，让他们达成共识，然后才升级，否则就又依赖于个人或者团队。
For example, when we develop the entire encryption network, we do it fast, and we publish a new version in a week, but the bookkeeping rules are written on the block chain, decentralized, and no one can change it. So the upgrade needs to be orthodox, and there is a way to bring communities together, to get them to agree, and then to upgrade, or else rely on individuals or teams.
Web 3.0是将主权还给人的革命，用户数据的话语权不再被互联网巨头垄断，这就需要Web 3.0 全新的范式来颠覆如今的互联网巨头垄断局面，保护每一个互联网用户的利益。得益于区块链技术的去中心化存储、无法篡改、信息加密等特点，再结合我们近期的研究总结，可以大致地将 Web 3.0 贴上这么 4 个标签：
Web 3.0 is a revolution to return sovereignty to people, and the voice of user data is no longer monopolized by Internet giants, which requires Web 3.0 a new paradigm to destabilize today’s Internet giant monopoly and protect the interests of every Internet user. To benefit from the decentralized storage of block-chain technology, the impossibility of manipulation, the encryption of information, etc., and in the light of our recent research, we can roughly label Web 3.0 with four labels:
- Web3.0必须是开放的
- Web3.0必须是安全的。因为开放，且安全，所以必须用到密码学技术
- Web3.0必定是去中心化的或者叫分布式的。开放协议，必定造就去中心化
- Web3.0的平台和应用必定具有原生通证，因为去中心化需要通过通证自动结算各方的利益分配
Web3.0会在生产关系上产生巨大的突破。
Web3.0 would make a huge breakthrough in productive relations.
对服务的提供方来说：
For service providers:
平台的代码（协议）是开放的；
The platform's code (agreement) is open;
不是一家企业独自掌控平台，而是一个社区拥有这个平台；
The platform is not owned by an enterprise but owned by a community;
平台的利润，不再是不透明的，不可预测的，优先流向大股东的（大股东可能为追求更高的巨额利润来对平台的策略进行修改）。而是按规则的，可计算的，可预测地分配给所有平台中价值的创造者；
The platform's profits are no longer opaque and unpredictable, and priority is given to large shareholders (large shareholders may change the platform's strategy in pursuit of larger profits). Rather, they are rule-based, measurable and predictablely distributed to all platform's value creators;
比如当你在家里看《平凡的荣耀》的时候，隔壁老王家的某云矿机正在不断地为你传输下一集的视频文件；你为了看这部剧向视频网站支付了 15 块钱的会员费，老王的矿机靠着给附近的人传文件，一天赚了 2 毛钱。
For example, when you were at home watching "The Glory of the Commons", a cloud miner from the old family next door was constantly transmitting the next set of video files for you; you paid 15 dollars for membership to the video site to watch the play, and the old man's mine made 2 cents a day by passing documents to people nearby.
平台的商业模式仍然能容纳Web2.0的成熟的商业模式，比如广告、会员服务、游戏等；
The platform's business model can still accommodate the mature business model of Web 2.0, such as advertising, membership services, games, etc.;
平台可能催生新的商业模式。平台不会像Web2.0一样，因为其主体公司的倒闭而关闭，一个参与节点的关闭不影响Web3.0平台整体的运行。
The platform may create a new business model. The platform will not close, like Web 2.0, because of the collapse of its main company, and the closure of a participating node does not affect the operation of the Web3.0 platform as a whole.
比如你发表在博客上的文章，可能因为新浪博客的一封“停止服务公告”而遭到删除。即便是你在网易云音乐上花钱买的版权音乐，也会因为网易云版权到期而被从 App 中删除，再也听不到。
For example, an article that you publish on your blog may be deleted because of a “stop service announcement” by a new wave blog. Even copyright music that you pay for on YouTube will be removed from App and will never be heard again because of the expiry of online cloud rights.
对用户来说：
For users:
App的使用体验与Web2.0仍然类似或一致
App's experience of use is still similar to or consistent with Web 2.0.
用户对自己贡献的内容具有所有权，能够根据对平台的内容贡献获得一定的回报
Users have ownership of the content to which they contribute and are able to earn some returns based on their contribution to the platform's content
对自己使用平台服务时产生的隐私数据，能够比较清楚的知晓这些数据的边界和用途，并对这些数据具有一定的决策权，可用其产生一定的经济收益
A clear understanding of the boundaries and uses of privacy data generated by their use of platform services and a degree of decision-making power over such data that they can generate economic benefits
对平台承诺的对一些私密数据的存储有信心（因为是密码学保证且代码是开源的）
Confidence in the Platform's commitment to the storage of some confidential data (because it is a cryptographic guarantee and the code is open-sourced)
用户能跨平台地拥有一些东西的所有权（这个所有权是密码学保证的，不是某个机构认证的），这样在跨平台交互的时候，能认证且自由转移这些所有权资产
Users are able to have title to something across the platform (this ownership is guaranteed by cryptography and not certified by an institution) so that the ownership assets can be authenticated and freely transferred when cross-platform interaction takes place.
用户可以和任意的陌生人在无需信任的基础上进行任何金融交易，因为区块链和智能合约没有感情，它对所有人一视同仁，它只认链上记在的不可篡改的记录以及实实在在的数字资产。
Users and random strangers can carry out any financial transaction on the basis of lack of trust, because the chain of blocks and smart contracts have no feelings, it treats everyone equally, and it recognizes only the irrevocable records on the chain and the real digital assets.
比如当你走进银行的时候，银行要审查你的资质，查你的资金来源，然后经过漫长的审查后再那你的抵押物给你贷款；而在 Web 3.0 的 Defi（去中心化金融）里，没有那么一个中心化的机构来对比进行审查，无论是你一个被赶出家门的流浪汉，还是一个身穿西装的华尔街大佬，部署在以太坊区块链上 MakerDAO 智能合约都将无条件地接收你的数字资产并将稳定币借给你。
For example, when you walk into a bank, the bank reviews your qualifications, checks your sources of funding, and then lends you your mortgage after a long review; and in Deb 3.0, there is no central body to compare your digital assets and lends you a stable currency, whether you're a homeless man who's been thrown out of the house or a Wall Street guy in a suit, deployed on the Ether district chain.
后记：
Recital:
在等待Web 3.0真正来到的那天之前，我们不妨大胆畅想一下Web 3.0的时代是什么样的：
Before waiting for the day when Web 3.0 actually arrives, let's be bold about what the age of Web 3.0 was:
那时的数字世界应该会和现实世界一样重要，所有用户都能以虚拟化身的样子随时进入数字世界，在进入数字世界之前仅仅需要1次关口身份确认，以保证你就是你。
At that time, the digital world should be as important as the real world, with all users entering the digital world in virtual form at any time and only one threshold identification before entering the digital world, to make sure that you are you.
进入数字世界后你可以任意穿梭在各类应用中而不需要注册登录，应用平台在你未允许的状态下也不知道你是谁，和现实世界一样，到达一块新区域后我们无需像当地政府提交身份信息。
When you enter the digital world, you can travel at will without having to register in a variety of applications, and the application platform does not know who you are in a state that you are not allowed to do so, and, like the real world, we do not have to submit identity information like local governments when we arrive in a new area.
你在数字世界甚至不需要工作，因为你在数字世界的任何行为都是对社区的维护，你也会得到相应的收益。你在数字世界的资产可以随意转移到任意应用中。
You don't even have to work in the digital world, because anything you do in the digital world is for the community, and you get the benefits. Your assets in the digital world can be transferred to random applications.
你在数字世界会以匿名身份去参与各种应用，进行线上社交等，就好比你在线下参加一些聚会，也是一来谁也不知道你是谁，除非做自我介绍。你也会在数字世界中进行交易，而这个过程会与现实中类似，你线下支付购买东西的时候，对方也不用知道你是谁，也不用知道你的资产有多少，就可以进行交易。
You're going to be in the digital world as an anonymous participant in applications, on-line socialization, and so on, and you're going to be at some parties online, and you're going to be no one knows who you are unless you introduce yourself. And you're going to be doing business in the digital world, and this process is going to be similar to reality, when you pay for things online, you don't have to know who you are or how much you own.
这样的匿名虽然能很好的保护我们的隐私，但是匿名也不会是犯罪的温床。在数字世界中，系统也会对用户的所有行为进行判断，比如会有一个类似现实生活中征信体系的这样一个存在来绑定虚拟形象，当有人做出一些不好的行为，就会影响信用分数，信用分数过低便会限制他在数字世界的一些行为或禁止使用一些场景，在交易的过程中承担更多的手续费等。
Such anonymity, while well protecting our privacy, will not be a hotbed of crime. In the digital world, the system will also judge users for all their behaviors, such as the existence of a system of real-life correspondence that binds virtual images. When someone does something bad, it affects credit scores, the low credit scores limit some of his behaviour in the digital world or the ban on the use of some scenes, the additional transaction fees, etc.
犯罪者也可以通过完成一些补救的任务，比如直接支付一些罚款等方式，恢复信用分数。但是，曾经作恶的记录不可篡改，随时可以查看。又或者匿名身份会以去中心化KYC的方式，将数字身份和现实身份对应，防止作恶。
The offender can also restore credit scores by performing some remedial tasks, such as paying some fines directly. However, a record of past malpractices is not tampered with and can be viewed at any time.
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