区块链 常用词汇定义

定义

Definitions

对区块链进行状态更改的最小操作单元。通常表现为普通转帐以及智能合约调用。

Minimum operating unit for a condition change in the block chain. Usually it is a general transfer and a smart contract call.

区块链中的最小确认单元，由零个或多个交易组成，一个区块中的交易要么全部生效，要么全部不生效。创世区块：区块链上第一个区块，确定分配规则、共识算法等系统级别的参数。配置区块：需要升级区块链系统级配置时，通过配置区块生效。

The minimum identification unit in the block chain consists of zero or more transactions, and all transactions in a block are or are not effective. Inventive blocks: the first block in the block chain, parameters for determining system levels such as allocation rules, consensus algorithms, etc. Configure blocks: when upgrading the system level configuration of the block chain is required, it is effective through the configuration of blocks.

存储区块数据、交易数据。

Stores block data, transaction data.

一种余额记账方式。用于存储账号的余额数据。

An account for the balance. The balance data for the account number is stored.

由若干个区块组成的DAG。从数据结构上来说，区块链就是一个DAG。

DAG, which consists of several blocks. The block chain is a DAG in terms of the structure of the data.

区块链网络中的第一条区块链实例。

An example of the first block chain in the block chain network.

从系统链衍生出来的子链，解决扩展性问题。

Subchains derived from the chain of systems address the problem of expansion.

不同的区块链之间的通信操作，目的是实现区块链世界的价值互连，解决扩展性问题。

Communication operations between the different block chains are aimed at achieving value interconnectivity in the block chain world and addressing the issue of expansion.

一种本地或自定义权限的链上标识符。本地标识符称为用户账号，通常分配一个公钥和一个私钥；自定义权限的链上标识符称为合约账号，通常分配一个或多个密钥或多个账号。

A chain identifier for local or custom permissions. The local identifier is called a user account, usually assigning a public key and a private key; the custom permissions chain identifier is called a contractual account, usually assigning one or more keys or accounts.

私钥以及由私钥生成的对应的公钥。私钥通常用于签名，公钥通常用于验证。

Private keys and the corresponding public keys generated by private keys. Private keys are usually used for signing, and public keys are usually used for authentication.

与用户数据挂钩的最小单元。地址可以是合约账号，也可以是由公钥生成的一个长度为33的字符串。

The minimum unit that is linked to the user data. An address can be a contractual account or a 33-length string generated by a public key.

利用密码学哈希函数单向不可逆、抗碰撞特性，进行身份确认的一种机制。

A mechanism for identification using the cryptography Hashi function is a single-way irreversible, collision-resistant feature.

一种确认区块中交易集正确性以及交易上链顺序的机制。

A mechanism to confirm the correctness of the transaction set in blocks and the order of the transactions in the upper chain.

一种共识算法，通过选举出区块链网络中有限节点作为代表并轮流出块记账。

A consensus algorithm represents and rotates the accounts through the election of limited nodes in the block chain network.

一个由计算机处理、可执行合约条款的交易协议，其总体目标是满足协议既定的条件，例如支付、抵押、保密协议。

A computer-processed transaction agreement with enforceable contractual terms has the overall objective of meeting the terms of the agreement, such as payment, collateral, confidentiality agreements.

一种安全机制，通过评估签名权限来验证一个或一组操作是否被正确授权。

A security mechanism to verify the correct authorization of one or a group of operations by assessing signature authority.

智能合约的运行环境。通常包括合约上下文管理。

A smart contract operating environment. Usually includes contract context management.

区块链中高度最大的分支。

The largest branch of the block chain.

有向无环图。

There's no ring map.

同一份数据同时消费多次。

The same data is consumed several times at the same time.

存在某个时刻，整个系统达成一致状态。区块链满足最终一致性。

There is a moment when the system agrees on the status. The block chain meets the ultimate consistency.

发起交易的账号，通常为用户账号或合约账号。

The account number for which the transaction is initiated is usually the user account or contractual account number.

当选为当前周期内出块节点。

Elected to appear in block nodes in the current cycle.

区块链网络中的一个节点。

is a node in the block chain network.

在委托权益证明共识算法中，一轮出块时间为一个周期。

In the trust equity certificate consensus algorithm, a block of time is created as a cycle.

一种区块链系统级配置进行升级的机制。

A mechanism for upgrading block chain system-level configurations.

对区块链中的数据按照key进行查询。

The data in the block chain are checked according to the key.

网络中的节点直接互联并交互信息，不需要借助第三方。

Nodes in the network are directly connected and interactive, without recourse to third parties.

拜占庭问题：在一个需要共识系统中，由于作恶节点导致的问题。拜占庭容错：在一个需要共识系统中，即使出现作恶节点也能保证系统正常运转的能力。

The Byzantine problem: In a system that requires consensus, it is a problem caused by a node of malpractice. Byzantine is wrong: in a system that requires consensus, the ability of the system to function properly is guaranteed by the presence of nodes of malfeasance.

一个维护状态变化的系统。区块链通常被认为是一种状态转移系统，其中的状态通常包括账本、余额、合约数据。

A system to maintain a change in state. Block chains are usually considered to be a state transfer system in which the status usually includes account books, balances, contractual data.