比特币是什么？和虚拟货币、数字货币的区别和联系

1.比特币

1. Bitcoin

2008年11月1日，中本聪巧atoshiNakamoto)在一个隐破的密码学评论组上发表了一篇文章，这篇名为《BitcoinAPeer-to-PeerCashSystem》的文章向世人阐述了他对电子货币的新构想，于是比特币就此问世。对比互联网中传统的需第H方监管的虚拟支付货币，中本聪首次提出了比特币的概念，比特币就是依靠校验和密码技术来创建、发行和流通的电子货币。

On November 1, 2008, China’s smart atoshi Nakamoto published an article in a hidden cryptography review group, an article called BitcoinAPeer-to-PeerCashSystem, explaining to the world his new vision of electronic currency, which became known in Bitcoin. In contrast to the traditional Internet-based virtual payment currency regulated by the first H, China’s deaf introduced the concept of bitcoin, which relies on proofing and cryptography to create, distribute, and circulate electronic money.

2.比特币的特性

2. Bitcoin properties

(1)比特币具有完全去中心化特性

(1) Bitcoin is completely decentralised

比特币是基于中本聪建立的一套点对点传输的分布式记账源代码作为技术支持发行的，不依靠政府背书，高度自由。

Bitcoin was issued as a technical support using a distributed account code based on a set of point-to-point transmissions established by the Centre. It was not dependent on a government endorsement and was highly free.

(2)比特币的发行数量一定

(2) A certain amount of Bitcoin is issued

中本聪将比特币的产生过程比喻成“矿工挖矿”，每一名“矿工”就是一个节点，即每一个参与比特币网络的客户端，“矿工”所挖出的“矿”就是方程组能解出的特解，而“挖矿”就是求出特解的过程，该方程组在设定之初规定只有 2100 万个特解，因此比特币的发行量上限即为2100万个，并且中本聪设定比特币的区块奖励是每四年数量减半，预计于2140年发行完毕。

The process by which Bitcoin was generated was compared by China's brain to “miners digging”, and each “miner” was a node, i.e., every customer involved in the Bitcoin network, the “mine” that was dug by the “miners” was a trickle that the equation could solve, whereas “mining” was the process by which the equation was set at 21 million at the beginning of the set-up, thus capping the distribution of Bitcoin at 21 million, and the block incentive that was set at Bitcoin was reduced by half every four years, expected to be released in 2140.

(3)比特币交易具有匿名性与安全性

(3) Anonymity and security of Bitcoin transactions

基本的交易流程是比特币的买方或卖方发送一条广播信息，信息内容包含自己的账户以及买卖比特币的数量和金额，随后，比特币网络的每个节点就会接收到该条信息，更新自己的账本信息，并向下传递该信息，为保障交易的真实性与安全性，比特币系统通过设置“数字签名”的方式来规范和保障交易过程。数字签名是通过数学算法来实现的，由两个不同但是相关联的“私人密钥”和“公共密钥”构成。私人密钥用来创建一个密码，公共密钥则用来验证私人密钥的正确性。而数字签名不同于静态密码，每笔交易的数字签名都不相同，能够有效防止交易信息被复制或伪造，同时也不会泄露个人的信息。

The basic course of dealing is for a buyer or seller of Bitcoin to send a broadcast message containing its own account and the amount and amount of the bitcoin to be bought and sold. Each node of the Bitcoin network then receives that information, updates its own account book information and transmits it down. In order to safeguard the authenticity and security of the transaction, the Bitcoin system regulates and secures the course of the transaction by setting up a “digital signature.” Digital signatures are achieved by mathematical algorithms, consisting of two different but linked “private keys” and “public keys.” Private keys are used to create a password, while public keys are used to verify the correctness of private keys.

3.比特币与数字货币、虚拟货币的关系

3. Relationship between bitcoin and digital currency, virtual currency

(1)概念方面

(1) Conceptual aspects

数字货币(Digital Currency)是以电子方式或其他数字形式存在的替代货币。虚拟货币(Virtual Currency),是指非真实的且没有实际形态的虚构货币，基于 IT 技术产生，由指定的平台定价发行，本质上与游戏币相似，不属于真正的货币范畴。而比特币，(BitCoin),是由中本聪在2008年提出的一个构想，并于2009年1月3日，凭借自身设计开发出的开源软件得以实现。比特币需要借助区块链技术，由矿工进行挖矿得到，可以在全球范围内流动，是一种非法定的数字货币。

Digital Policy is an alternative currency that exists electronically or in other digital forms. Virtual Currency, a fictional currency that is not real and has no physical form, is generated on the basis of IT technology, is priced by a specified platform, which is essentially similar to the game currency, and does not belong to the real currency.

(2)本质方面

(2) Substantive aspects

数字货币是区别于纸币、硬币等形式的法定货币，是以数字的方式存在和流通的货币，在本质上属于法定数字货币。而虚拟货币是没有实际形态的货币，多指游戏币，例如腾讯公司发行的Q币，百度公司发行的百度币，以及Facebook发行的F币等等，可用于发行公司旗下的互联网APP之间的内部交易，本质上不是一种法定货币。而比特币则是由中本聪在2009年设计研发出的一套算法，在本质上属于虚拟数字货币。

Digital currencies are legal currencies that are distinct from banknotes, coins, etc., that are digitally present and in circulation, and are essentially statutory. Virtual currencies are currencies that have no real form, many of which refer to games, such as Q-coin issued by Télése, 100-degree coins issued by 100-degree companies, and Facebook-issued F-bills, which can be used for internal transactions between Internet APPs under the company’s flag.

(3)技术方面

(3) Technical aspects

数字货币和比特币的技术支撑是区块链技术，而虚拟货币主既可以依靠互联网技术，又可以依靠区块链技术。

Digital currency and Bitcoin are technologically supported by block chain technology, while virtual money owners can rely on block chain technology as much as Internet technology.

(4)价值方面

(4) Value aspects

数字货币的价值与法币相挂钩。例如，在美国，一美元的数字货币的价值等同于一美元的纸币。而虚拟货币的价值由发行公司定价，不同平台的虚拟货币价值不同，用来购买平台发行的产品与服务也不同。而比特币的价值取决于市场的变化，由于其在开发之初，有固定的发行量 2100 万个，其价格根据市场的波动而波动。

In the United States, for example, the value of a dollar of digital currency is equal to that of a dollar. The value of a virtual currency is priced by the issuing company, with different virtual monetary values from different platforms, and the products and services used to purchase the platform are different.

(5)职能方面

(5) Functional aspects

数字货币本质上是法定数字货币，因此基本具有货币的基本职能。而虚拟货币，一般只能用来购买平台的发行的虚拟产品以及服务，在现实生活中不具备货币的一般职能。而比特币从某种程度上讲，也具有数字货币的一般职能，但由于监管等方面的因素，这些职能不受国家和政府的保障和支持。

Virtual money, which generally only buys virtual products and services issued by platforms, does not have the general function of money in real life. Bitcoins, to some extent, also have the general function of digital money, which is not guaranteed and supported by the state and the government due to regulatory and other factors.

(6)流通范围方面

(6) Scope of circulation

数字货币和比特币可以在全世界范围内流通，而虚拟货币只能在指定平台上流通。

Digital currencies and bitcoins can circulate around the world, while virtual currencies can only circulate on designated platforms.

(7)发行方面

(7) In the area of distribution

数字货币是由各国政府发行背书，发行的数量根据各个国家经济发展需求而定。虚拟货币则由平台无限量发行。而比特币的发行总量是固定的2100万个，由矿工通过挖矿得到，进而进行交易流通。

Virtual money is issued in unlimited quantities by the platform. Bitcoin is distributed in a fixed amount of 21 million copies, obtained by miners through mining, and thus traded.

以上梳理了比特币的定义、特点及其与数字货币、虚拟货币的区别和联系，希望对你有所帮助，如果你想了解更多相关内容，敬请关注三个皮匠报告的行业知识栏目。

The definitions, characteristics and differences and connections between bitcoin and digital currency, virtual currency, are summarized above and may help you if you want to know more about it. Please pay attention to reports by industrial knowledge column .

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