文｜腾讯科技
Wen Wen-Teng technology
在基于区块链网络的加密货币（数字货币的一种）中，最成功的当属比特币，比特币的大举流行甚至促使Facebook公司决定在全世界发行天秤币，从而引发了各国政府的强烈反对。据外媒最新消息，5月11日，比特币进行了一次少见的重大技术调整，比特币的造币速度被调低了一半左右。
Of the encrypted currency based on a block-chain network (a digital currency), the most successful one was Bitcoin, and its popularity even prompted Facebook’s decision to issue daily scales around the world, triggering strong opposition from governments. According to foreign sources, on May 11, Bitcoin made a rare major technical adjustment, reducing its currency-making rate by about half.
据国外媒体报道，随着这一消息公布，比特币交易价格在周一出现波动，最后下滑。一家媒体分析称，随着比特币供应量增长放缓，这种数字货币的前景依然乐观。
According to foreign media reports, the prices of Bitcoin transactions fluctuated on Mondays, eventually falling. A media analysis suggests that the outlook for this digital currency remains optimistic as the supply of bitcoins slows down.
众所周知的是，比特币并不是由某一个中央银行或者中央机构来发行，而是全世界大量的电脑设备通过软件算法来获得，这些专门运行算法、获取比特币的设备被称为“矿机”，获取比特币的过程叫做“挖矿”。比特币后台的算法决定了这种货币的造币速度，它的总量有限，并不会像中央银行印刷纸币那样，可以无限制印刷和发行。
It is well known that Bitcoin is not issued by a central bank or central agency, but that a large amount of computer equipment worldwide is acquired through software algorithms, the specialized operating algorithms, the equipment for obtaining bitcoin is called “mine machines” and the process for obtaining bitcoin is called “mining”. The algorithms at the back of bitcoin determine the speed at which such currency is made, its total size is limited, and it does not allow for unrestricted printing and distribution, as is the case with central bank printing notes.
根据周一的技术调整，对于挖矿人员或者设备提供的挖矿回报，将从12.5个比特币削减到6.25个比特币，回报腰斩了一半。
Based on the technical adjustments made on Monday, the return on mining provided by diggers or equipment was reduced from 12.5 bitcoins to 6.25 bitcoins and halved.
据报道，计算机运行算法挖取比特币的过程，有些类似在每隔十分钟之内完成一道数学难题，作为回报，首先解决难题并完成交易的人员或者设备将获得新比特币的奖励。
It has been reported that the process of extracting bitcoin through computer operation algorithms is similar to the process of completing a mathematical challenge every 10 minutes, in return for the award of new bitcoin to the person or equipment who first solves the problem and completes the transaction.
在周一比特币市场午盘交易中，比特币价格下跌1%，收于8647.99美元。
In Monday's midday trade at the Bitcoin market, Bitcoin prices fell by 1 per cent to $8647.99.
“现在，矿工开采比特币的动机越来越少，他们可能会转向利润更高的加密货币。因此，短期内，比特币将面临压力，”纽约OANDA高级市场分析师爱德华莫亚(Edward Moya)表示。
“Now, miners are less and less motivated to exploit bitcoin, and they may turn to higher-profit encrypted currency. So, in the short term, Bitcoin will be under pressure,” says Edward Moya, OANDA senior market analyst in New York.
“但从长期来看，你可能会看到比特币出现更高的价格。随着所有的政府（对于新冠疫情的）财政和货币刺激被注入全球经济，机构交易员开始重新寻找各国政府所发行法定货币的替代品。”
“But in the long run, you may see higher prices for bitcoin. As all governments (for the new crown) fiscal and monetary stimulus are injected into the global economy, institutional traders begin to look for alternatives to the legal currency issued by governments.”
自今年年初以来，比特币的美元价格已经上涨了20%以上。上周触及1万美元，约为三个月高点。
The dollar price of Bitcoin has risen by more than 20 per cent since the beginning of the year. Last week, $10,000 was touched, about three months high.
一些加密货币交易员表示，比特币造币速度减半推动了该资产今年的收益。
According to some crypto-currency traders, halving the speed at which bitcoin is made contributed to the asset's return this year.
比特币此前两次进行过造币速度的削减，降幅也是一半。其中最早一次是在2012年11月，另一次是在2016年7月。这些减少比特币造币速度的举动标志着比特币几年来最引人注目的牛市开始，不过大规模上涨之前也出现了下跌。
Bitcoin made two earlier cuts, one in November 2012 and the other in July 2016. These moves to reduce bitcoin’s speed marked the start of Bitcoin’s most visible cattle market in the last few years, but they also fell before the massive rise.
交易员表示，此前两次比特币造币速度减半推动了2012年末至2014年导致比特币价格1万美元的反弹，从2016年中期至2017年12月约2500%的反弹，至接近2万美元的历史高点。
According to traders, the two earlier halved bitcoin speeds contributed to a rebound of $10,000 between the end of 2012 and 2014, from about 2,500 per cent between mid-2016 and December 2017, to a historic high of nearly $20,000.
比特币的发明者被认为是神秘人士中本聪。按照他的设计，全球挖矿人士可以开采的比特币总量上限为2100万枚。对比特币矿商的奖励一直减半，直到达到零。
The inventor of Bitcoin is considered to be one of the mystics. According to his design, the total number of bitcoins that can be mined by diggers around the world is capped at 21 million. The prize for Bitcoin miners has been halved until zero.
比特币看涨人士表示，这种数字货币的稀缺性是支撑这种加密货币价值的一部分，并使其成为一种潜在的“对冲”，以抵御在经济危机时期容易贬值的货币。
Bitcoin viewers suggest that the scarcity of this digital currency is part of the underlying encrypt monetary value and makes it a potential “synchronous” against a currency that can easily depreciate in times of economic crisis.
“凭借其有限的、有计划的供应和分散的架构，尤其是比特币，它提供了这种时期所需的确定性，并将很可能成为一个新的避险资产类别，”新兴加密货币贷款公司尼克森(Nexo)上周在一份报告中写道。
“With its limited, planned supply and decentralized structure, especially Bitcoin, it provides the certainty needed for such a period and is likely to become a new type of risk-avoidance asset.” The emerging crypto-currency lending company, Nexo, wrote in a report last week.
新加坡比特币指数基金Stack研究主管伦纳德·尼欧(Lennard Neo)上周四在一份报告中表示:“尽管许多人预计在造币速度减半后会出现看涨走势，但我们认为，在减半事件发生后立即出现的供应冲击在短期内对价格的影响应该有限。随着矿商的整体回报减少，矿商(供应方)向市场均衡重新定位将会有一段时间的滞后。我们预计，这一均衡可能需要6-9个月的时间才能找到。”
In a report last Thursday, Leonard Neo, research director of the Bitcoin Index Fund of Singapore, stated: “Although many people expect to see an upward trend after the currency-making rate has been halved, we believe that supply shocks immediately after the halving event should have a limited impact on prices in the short term. As the overall returns of miners decrease, there will be a lag in the repositioning of miners (suppliers) to market balance. We expect that such a balance may take six to nine months to find.”
但也有人担心，2020年回报减半还将影响矿商的收入，因为他们需要更具竞争力的采矿设备来赢得比特币奖励。
There is concern, however, that halving the return by 2020 will also affect the income of miners, who need more competitive mining equipment to win the Bitcoin reward.
“为了获得同样的回报，矿商目前需要做更多的工作，”开曼群岛隐货币对冲基金Tyr Capital的首席信息官埃德·印第(Ed Hindi)表示。"他们的预期收益也将会减少一半。”
“In order to get the same return, miners now need to do more,” said Ed Hindi, chief information officer of the Cayman Islands hidden currency hedge fund, Tyre Capital.
需要指出的是，一两年前，外界对于比特币热度颇高，韩国等国家甚至出现了挖矿或者投资交易的热潮，甚至是普通大众一起炒作比特币，但是近些年，比特币出现了一些降温，一些新创公司退出了市场。
It should be noted that, a year ago, the outside world was very hot for bitcoin, and countries such as South Korea even experienced a trend of mining or investment transactions, and even the general public were playing with bitcoin, but in recent years Bitcoin has experienced some cooling and some start-up companies have withdrawn from the market.
其中最重要的原因是比特币价格暴涨暴跌，无法成为一种稳定的支付工具。目前全世界有少数的国家或者企业商户支持比特币支付，但是在全世界法定货币移动支付的发展热潮中，比特币作为一种支付工具并未普及开来。
The most important reason for this is that bitcoin prices have soared and dropped that they cannot be a stable payment tool. A few countries or businesses around the world currently support bitcoin payments, but it is not widely available as a payment tool in the world’s growing trend towards legal currency transfers.
为了解决比特币的不足，Facebook公司去年推出了天秤币的计划。普通大众用法定货币购买比特币，天秤币协会利用这些资金去购买美国政府债券等金融资产，从而来支撑天秤币的币值。这样一种币值更加稳定的货币，可能赢得更多民众的支持。
To address the shortage of bitcoins, Facebook launched last year’s plan for scales. The general public buys bitcoins in statutory currencies, which the Association uses to buy financial assets, such as US government bonds, to support the value of scales.
不过，Facebook在全世界拥有的20多亿用户引发了各国政府和央行的焦虑。面对多家创始会员的退场和各国政府的强烈反对声，不久前，天秤币表示可能取消发行新数字货币，转而使用各国央行推出的“央行数字货币”。
However, the more than 2 billion users of Facebook around the world have caused anxiety among governments and central banks. Faced with the withdrawal of many founding members and strong opposition from governments, recently, the scales suggested that it would be possible to cancel the issuance of new digital currencies instead of using the “central bank digital currencies” introduced by central banks.
随着更多国家的央行推出法定、权威的“央行数字货币”，业内一般认为比特币的市场影响力将会进一步下滑，这也将会影响到其美元价格。
As more central banks introduce a statutory and authoritative “central bank digital currency”, it is generally believed that Bitcoin’s market influence will decline further, which will also affect its dollar prices.
来源：腾讯科技
Source: telecommunications technology.
原标题：比特币造币速度被下调一半 挖矿商收入减半但有望稳定价格
Original title: 最新更新时间：05/12 09:23
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