最近这段时间，有一个词儿是特别的火：区块链。但很多人都是一说都知道，一问却不明白。简单地说：这项技术是基于密码学等的数据管理新方式。区块链技术因为具有去中心化、不可篡改、全程留痕、可以追溯等优点，有着广泛的应用前景。不过记者发现，伴随着区块链的热潮，社会上也出现了种种乱象。
In recent times, there has been a particular fire: the block chain. But many people know it, but they don't understand it. Simply put, this technology is based on new ways of managing data, such as cryptography.
区块链技术从2008年开始出现，凭借独有的信任建立机制，在贸易金融、公共服务、农产品溯源等领域应用价值巨大。根据中国信息通讯研究院提供的数据，到2019年8月，全球区块链产业累计投融资金额达到103.69亿美元。我国区块链产业在全球居于前列，企业总量仅次于美国，居全球第二。
According to data provided by the China Institute of Information and Communication Technology, the cumulative financing of the global block chain industry reached $10,369 million by August 2019. Our block chain industry is in the forefront of the world, second only to the United States, and second only to the United States.
国家互联网应急中心互联网金融安全技术重点实验室负责人吴震说：“目前我们监测到区块链公司中，带有区块链这三个字，或者它经营范围内带有区块链的，大概有32000多家，这个数量还是比较大的，但是经过实际监测，我们发现真正拥有区块链技术，或者说拥有链的企业实际上并没有那么多，大概也就是这个数量的10%左右，甚至不足10%。”
The head of the National Internet Emergency Response Centre's Internet Financial Security Technical Focus Laboratory, Wu Chien, said: “We are currently monitoring a block chain company with three words, or a block chain within its sphere of operation, about 32,000, which is a larger number, but as a result of actual monitoring, we find that there is actually a block chain technology, or that the companies that own the chain do not actually have that much, that is, about 10 per cent of that number, or less than 10 per cent.”
真正拥有技术的不到百分之十，多数企业是在借势或者造势，有的甚至玩起了各种骗术。记者在网上搜索“区块链”三个字，就会看到有区块链项目火爆开启、区块链钱包开发等推介。
Less than 10% of the real technology is available, and most businesses are using power or power, or even playing tricks. Journalists search online for the word “block chain” and see referrals such as block chain explosion, block chain wallet development, etc.
记者点击了一个叫作BEEBANK APP的区块链钱包项目，推介文章宣称，这是全网唯一的去中心化全币种钱包，采用公有链、数据信任体系技术，躺着赚钱，24小时自动运转创造效益。直接团队成员10人，预测月收入3万到10万元，如果发展到第五级，预测月收入200万到700万元。这个区块链钱包不仅有文字宣传，还有视频推广。三端矩阵，蜂巢建设，蜂巢领导，蜂巢分红，这样的词看着似乎很高大上。视频上还留下了导师微信号，记者添加了这位所谓的导师，通过验证后，对方给出了这样的回复：“BEEBANK APP已经跑路了，我被骗了十几万。”
The reporter clicked on a block wallet project called BEEBANK APP, claiming that it was the only centralized wallet on the Internet, using a public chain, a data trust system technology, lying on a 24-hour automatic operation to create benefits. Ten members of the direct team, predicting monthly revenues of between $30,000 and $100,000, projected monthly revenues of between $2 million and $7 million if they reached the fifth grade. This block wallet had not only textual publicity, but also video promotion. Three-end matrixes, cellular construction, beehive leadership, beehive splitting, the word seems to be huge.
按照这位所谓导师的说法，这个区块链钱包已经跑路，现在APP已经无法登录，他自己被骗了十几万元。这个所谓的区块链钱包到底是怎么运作的，对方并没有过多透露，反而劝记者，如果对区块链感兴趣，他还可以推荐别的项目。
According to this so-called mentor, this block chain wallet has run off, and now the APP is no longer able to log in, and he has been defrauded of hundreds of thousands of dollars. How this so-called block chain wallet actually works, and instead of being divulged, he persuades journalists that he can recommend other projects if he is interested in the block chain.
专业人士告诉记者，像这样借用几个专业名词，宣称高收益的，实际是赤裸裸的欺诈。
Professionals tell journalists that using a few professional terms like this to claim high returns is a naked fraud.
利用区块链概念搞资金盘，圈点钱就跑路，这样简单的骗局相对还好识破，但有些项目，稍微包装一下，识别起来就有些难度了。今年8月13日，上海浦东警方通报了一起诈骗案。这是一款自称区块链养宠的游戏，将区块链和网络养虚拟猪相结合，共享经济，收益可观。养虚拟猪15天后平台收购，就有28%的收益。
On August 13, Shanghai Police informed of a fraud. This is a game that calls itself a block chain, combining a block chain with a network of virtual pigs, and sharing the economy and returns.
警方提供的内部微信截图显示，实际上所有交易都是由平台人员操控，甚至赤裸裸地把参与者称作“韭菜”，公司随时准备变更手续跑路。
The internal micro-letter screenshots provided by the police show that virtually all transactions are controlled by platform personnel, and even openly refer to the participants as “celebrities”, and the company is ready to change procedures.
今年9月11日，长沙市官方发布消息，趣步公司涉嫌网络传销、非法集资及金融诈骗，已被立案调查。根据趣步的宣传，趣步是区块链加运动大数据，用户只要走路、跑步，就能获得“糖果”作为奖励。“糖果”可以换购商品甚至提取现金，用户只要每天走够三四千步，每月就能至少赚200元，上不封顶，推广趣步，还能赚到更多的钱。
On September 11 this year, Changsha City’s officials released a report that Funwalks, suspected of Internet distribution, illegal fund-raising, and financial fraud, had been investigated. According to the funwalks, the funwalks were large-scale sports data, and users could be rewarded for walking and running.
趣步推广人员说：“你只要肯努力，用心做市场推广，到平台打包上市的时候，你也是趣步的股东之一，将来你将拥有花不完的钱。”
The fun-step promoter said, “You just have to work hard and work hard to promote the market, and by the time the platform is packed on the market, you are also one of the fun-step shareholders, and you will have the money you need to spend in the future.”
专业人士告诉记者，类似区块链养虚拟猪和趣步科技这样，因为有所谓的平台支持，打着共享经济的幌子，相对来讲不容易被识破。但实际上，区块链只是一项技术手段，本身并不创造价值，上面这些平台只是借用区块链旗号，和区块链本身毫无关系。
Professionals tell journalists that they have virtual pigs and fun-steps like block chains, because so-called platform support, under the guise of a shared economy, is relatively undetectable. But, in practice, block chains are only a technical tool and do not create value per se, and the platforms on them are just borrowing the name of the block chain and have nothing to do with the block chain itself.
除了上面这些伪应用，记者在调查中发现，随着区块链热潮，危害最严重的乱象出现在数字货币上，这些项目将区块链概念和金融知识、货币知识混淆在一起，混水摸鱼，普通百姓根本难以分辨，欺骗性极强。国家互联网应急中心相关部门提供的数据显示，眼下能够监测到的归零币或空气币达到755种，传销币102种。
In addition to these pseudo-applications, journalists found in their investigations that, as the chain of blocks is hot, the worst of the harm is in digital currency, these projects confuse the concept of block chains with financial knowledge, monetary knowledge, and fishing, which is difficult to distinguish between ordinary people and is highly deceptive. According to data provided by the relevant departments of the National Internet Emergency Center, 755 coins or air currency and 102 passing currency can be monitored at this time.
吴震表示：“归零币的主要特点，就是经历了市值的大幅下滑，原来价格比较高，现在可能一路跌到不足原来的百分之一，我们称之为归零币；第二种我们称之为传销币。实际传销币和区块链没有太大关系，只是借用区块链的炒作，进行诈骗。”
“The main feature of a zero is that it has experienced a sharp decline in market value, which was higher, and may now fall to less than one percent, which we call a zero, and a second, which we call a passing currency. The actual distribution of the currency and the block chain has nothing to do with it; it's just a trickle-down of the block chain.”
这些所谓的数字货币，到底是如何炒作和诈骗的呢?采访期间，有知情人向记者提供了部分内部材料。某数字货币推广团队进行的一场讲座，推销的是一种叫做BIB的数字货币，只要加入，就有收益，这叫做静态收益。
What are these so-called digital currencies? During the interview, some of the inside materials were provided to journalists. A lecture by a digital money promotion team, a digital currency called the BIB, was marketed for the benefit of joining, which is called static returns.
按照推广人员的说法，这种BIB数字货币是由国际顶尖团队开发的区块链加密货币，全球发行量有限，只要加入，不仅每天白得利息，而且通过推广，也就是拉人头，还能获得动态收益。
事实上，这种拉人头、发行所谓数字货币手法并不新鲜。早在2016年，江苏徐州警方就破获了一起传销案件。传销组织人员刘某在香港注册公司，开设网站，以高额返利为诱饵，组织人员通过宣传、上课、介绍等方式，推广所谓的区块链数字货币。实际上，背后一无所有，每天的币值波动，都是由后台人员随意设置的虚假数字。传销模式就是静态收益和动态收益相结合。
警方调查显示，8个月时间内，这个数字货币骗局就发展34000名会员，席卷资金15亿元。专业人士告诉记者，区块链出现时确实是依托数字货币，也就是比特币的出现，但比特币只是区块链初期技术。区块链核心价值是在贸易金融、公共服务等领域的应用，区块链绝不等于数字货币。
2017年9月4日，中国人民银行等七部委发布公告，明确指出，所谓“虚拟货币”，本质上是一种未经批准非法公开融资的行为，涉嫌非法发售代币票券、非法发行证券以及非法集资、金融诈骗、传销等违法犯罪活动。2018年8月24日，银保监会等部门又联合发出风险提示，指出一些不法分子打着“金融创新”“区块链”的旗号，通过发行所谓“虚拟货币”“虚拟资产”“数字资产”等方式吸收资金，侵害公众合法权益。此类活动并非真正基于区块链技术，而是炒作区块链概念，行非法集资、传销、诈骗之实。
记者在中国裁判文书网以区块链为关键词进行统计，截至今年11月15日，全国涉及区块链的法律裁判文书共566件，有相当一部分涉及数字货帀。专业人士指出，在眼下区块链热潮中，最应该防范和加强监管的，就是所谓的虚拟数字货币，要加快推进相关立法。
中国通信工业协会区块链专委会副主任于佳宁说：“因为区块链确实是一个新的领域，它打造价值互联网，带来了新的数字金融体系，但是不能让技术变成违法挡箭牌，不能让这样一个新的领域变成监管洼地，一旦出现监管洼地就有可能吸引大量违法犯罪行为，迁徙到这种新的领域中来，不断会扰乱金融秩序，同时会使得这种新的技术污名化，扰乱新的技术正常发展。实际上，打击违法犯罪，其实也是去推动区块链产业进一步创新发展，融合发展重要举措。”
The Deputy Director-General of the District Chain Committee of the China Communications Industry Association said, “Because the block chain is indeed a new area, creating a value Internet and bringing about a new digital financial system, technology cannot be turned into an illegal shield, nor can it be turned into a regulatory base, and if a regulatory base emerges, it is likely to attract large numbers of illegal and criminal activity, and to migrate to such a new area, causing constant disruption to the financial order, while at the same time stigmatizing the new technology and disrupting the normal development of the new technology. Indeed, the fight against illegal crime is also an important step in promoting further innovation and integration of the development of the sector chain industry.”
专业人士告诉记者，从目前来看，区块链已经进入实际应用。中国信息通讯研究院提供的数据显示，在深圳，经过一年尝试，到今年10月30日，已经开具1000万张区块链发票。基于全流程完整追溯、信息不可篡改等特性，区块链电子发票能够有效规避假发票，完善发票监管流程，可以解决发票流转过程中一票多报、虚报虚抵、真假难验等难题，降低经营成本和税收风险。
Professionals have told journalists that the block chain is now operational. According to data provided by the China Institute of Information and Communications, 10 million block chain invoices have been issued in Shenzhen, after a year of experimentation, by 30 October of this year.
在北京市海淀区不动产交易中采用区块链技术，证件检验时间达到了秒级，程序减幅80%。根据中国信息通信研究院提供的一组数据，截至2019年5月，全国已成立区块链产业园22家，其中20家为政府主导或参与推进。不过有研究机构发布的数据显示，这些产业园有三成空置率超过50%，而从公开信息看，各地还有一批新的产业园正在规划当中。
的确，是要有所为，有所不为。有所为的，是大力推动区块链技术在贸易金融、公共服务等领域的应用和落地；有所不为的，就是节目中所提到的种种乱象，借区块链之名行圈钱、诈骗之实。对此，有关部门要立规矩强监管，广大公众要擦亮眼睛防被骗。正如习近平总书记所强调的：“要探索建立适应区块链技术机制的安全保障体系，引导和推动区块链开发者、平台运营者加强行业自律、落实安全责任。要把依法治网落实到区块链管理中，推动区块链安全有序发展。”给区块链创造一个更安全、更干净的发展空间，去伪存真，才能让区块链技术在建设网络强国、发展数字经济、助力经济社会发展等方面发挥更大作用。
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