《网络与新媒体概论》教学课件合集

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《网络与新媒体概论》?精品课件合集网络与新媒体概论第一章绪论网络与新媒体概论第一章绪论

" Networks and new media overviews " : " Networks and new media overviews ", and " New media overviews ", chapter 1, " Introductions to new media ", and " New media overviews ", chapter 1, " Introductions to new media ",

目录一、人类社会的四次传播革命二、新传播革命的本质三、新传播革命的基本特征四、新传播革命的挑战五、互联网发展的两大支点

Catalogue I. Four communication revolutions in human society: Revolution II, the essence of the new communications revolution III, the basic features of the new communications revolution IV, the challenges of the new communications revolution V, the two pillars of Internet development

一、人类社会的四次传播革命1、第一次传播革命文字的发明和使用第一次突破时间和空间的限制人类由“野蛮时代”→“文明时代”2、第二次传播革命印刷术的发明知识的垄断被打破报纸、杂志、书籍大众传播时代的来临加速封建主义的没落和资本主义的诞生

The four revolutions in human society, the invention and use of the first revolutionary script, the first breakthrough in time and space, which limited the human race from the “eras of barbarism”, the “era of civilization”, and the second monopolization of the inventive knowledge of revolutionary printing, were broken by the dawn of the era of mass dissemination of newspapers, magazines, books and accelerated the fall of feudalism and the birth of capitalism.

一、人类社会的四次传播革命3、第三次传播革命电报的发明解决了长距离即时点对点的传播广播、电视等模拟式电子传播技术与媒介出现速度迅疾,范围广泛,内容丰富复制扩散和信息保存能力空前增强人类社会进入电子时代

I. The inventions of the four transmission revolutions of human society, the third of which addressed the rapid and wide-ranging spread of analogue electronic communication technologies and media such as radio, television and instantaneous point-to-point transmission technologies, with a wealth of replicas of proliferation and information preservation capabilities that have helped human society to enter the electronic age without precedent

一、人类社会的四次传播革命4、第四次传播革命20世纪80年代互联网诞生和新媒体的勃兴传播载体和直播介质更加先进数字、语言、文字、声音、图画、影像交互式传播模式传者和受众催生了全新的传播环境传播媒介、结构、方式、理念、文化、效果转变传播权力面临深层次结构调整改变社会信息传播的基本格局

I. The four communications revolutions of human society, the birth of the fourth communication revolution in the 1980s and the more advanced digital, linguistic, written, sound, graphic, interactive modes of transmission of images and audiences in the dynamic communication vectors and in the live media of the new media have led to the emergence of new communication media, structures, ways, ideas, cultures, effects change communication power that face profound structural changes that change the basic patterns of the dissemination of social information.

一、人类社会的四次传播革命5000万+38年5000万+13年5000万+4年5000万+14个月5000万+1年5000万+19天各媒介发展5000万用户分别所用时间

The four communications revolutions in human society 50 million + 50 million in 38 + 50 million in 13 + 50 million in 4 + 50 million in 14 months + 50 million in 1 + 50 million in 19 days for the development of 50 million users each.

二、新传播革命的本质第四次传播革命将宪法赋予公民的言论自由通过“自我赋权”落到实处。普通公民可以借助互联网传播、新媒体技术,在知情、表达等充分享受到言论自由,同时“公共空间”“自媒体”通过多种渠道延伸了传播的“象征性权力”。互联网赋予公民以传播权力,实现传播的权利(right)向传播权力(power)的转变,这是新传播革命的本质内涵。1、信源蜂窝式高速膨胀,保障知情权回归第四次传播革命打破的是传统大众媒体对信息的掌控。理论上,全世界只要在联通网络的国家和地区里,每一个人都是信源。一部联网的手机可以让你“走遍世界”,公民的知情权在互联网传播革命里得到了充分的保障。2、“自媒体”即时化传播,促进表达权回归微信和微博凭借用户基数大、信息传播快、互动功能强等特点,仍是网上内容传播的重要力量。2018年1季度,微信月活跃账户数10.40亿2017年12月底,微信公众号数量已达2101万,

The Internet gives citizens the power to disseminate, and the right to communicate (right) to change to the power of communication (power) is part of the essence of the new communications revolution. 1. The super-exploitation of the message, which guarantees the return of the right to information to the fourth revolution, is the control of information by traditional mass media. In theory, everyone around the world is a source of information in countries and regions connected to the network. A networked cell phone allows you to “go all over the world” and the right of citizens to know is fully guaranteed in the Internet's communications revolution.

微信公众号月活跃账号数350万,微信公众号月活跃粉丝数7.97亿。3、全面信息监管失效,“权利”上升为“权力”井喷式的信息增长,使国家在“信息权力”上逐渐式微,也预示着拥有注意力资源的公民在“信息权力”上逐渐强势。正是这种因为权力、影响力的上升,促使国家在各个方面重视舆论压力、改进管理模式。2009年伊朗大选时网络管制网民通过Twitter获取信息

The monthly active account number of the Twitter public is 3.5 million, and the monthly active fan of the Twitter public is 797 million.3 Comprehensive information regulation has failed, and “rights” have risen to “power”-like information, leading to a gradual decline in the country’s “information power” and signalling a gradual strengthening of the “information power” of citizens with focused resources. This is because of the rise in power, influence, and the country’s emphasis on pressure on public opinion and improved management patterns at all levels.

三、新传播革命的基本特征第四次传播革命的基本特征是“去中心化——再中心化”。“新媒体会导致新的权力中心的出现,从而在现存的主导型维权结构内部引发日趋激化的紧张状态;另一方面,新媒体有时候会绕开已经建立起来的媒体传输机构,发布遭到禁止或限制的信息,通过这种方式来破坏控制知识的等级制度。”——詹姆斯·卡伦《媒介与权力》

“The new media will lead to the emergence of new centres of power, thus creating growing tensions within existing dominant power structures; on the other hand, the new media will sometimes bypass established media transmissions and publish prohibited or restricted information in such a way as to undermine the hierarchy of knowledge control.” (James Karen's Media and Power)

三、新传播革命的基本特征“去中心化”:互联网技术本质上是以个人为中心的传播技术,具有反中心取向。这一次传播革命,本质上是传播资源的泛社会化和传播权力的全民化。“再中心化”:网络信息离散后又重聚的特征。互联网打破了传统社会中自上而下的科层制组织结构,通过互联网重构行动中心、话语中心、舆论中心。1、意见领袖阶层崛起,重塑思想中心新传播革命使原本不可能在现实中聚合的意见领袖们通过网络走到了一起。新意见领袖阶层崛起:活跃的思想精英、作家、艺术家和草根领袖组成,他们拥有巨大的“粉丝”。他们为网民设置议程,提供对事件的解释,引导舆论,在相当程度上把控着公共事务的话语权。2、社会关系洗牌,重构行动中心新的社会化媒体,打破了曾经的单一组织中心系统,构筑起一个“强关系”“弱关系”纵横交错的关系网,构建了社会交往的新模式,也打破了单一的“社交圈”,一定程度上将重构社会关系。菜鸟网民们可随时发起大范围的“社会行动”,从捐赠、公益、比赛到聚餐、抗议、打拐,使用手机、微博、微信、QQ等,启动一场对话讨论直至大规模抗议能力呈几何级增长。3、话语空间拓展,重建舆论中心新传播革命打破的是主流媒体的单一话语空间,重塑一个新的依托于网络的“公共舆论中心”。以前:“舆情”来自传统媒体的报道,媒体报道什么,社会就是什么,普通大众没有能力质疑。现在:新的话语空间诞生,沟通虚拟和现实、官方和民间、公民行动与高层决策,形成多方互动,构建了一个公众参与公共事务讨论与行动的新“舆论中心”。温州“7.25”动车追尾上海“11.15”大火郭美美事件个税修改法案网络问政躲猫猫事件

Third, the basic features of the new communications revolution are “decentralized”: Internet technology is essentially a technology of communication centred on individuals, with an anticentre orientation. This communication revolution is essentially a general socialization of resources and popularization of power. “Recentralization” is a feature of the decentralized and re-emerging nature of Internet information. The Internet has broken the top-down science-based organizational structure in traditional societies, recasting the word of public affairs through the Internet, speech centres, centres of public opinion. 1; the rise of opinion leaders, the new communication revolution of the centre of ideas, which was unlikely to converge in reality, has brought together opinion leaders through the web. The rise of new opinion leaders: the dynamic intellectual elites, writers, artists and grass-roots leaders, who have a huge “panel” relationship.

四、新传播革命的挑战1、传媒新业态,新闻生产经营重大变革2、双重舆论场争鸣,舆论极化难控制3、多元思潮涌现,主流意识形态受冲击4、全新执政环境,争夺传播主导权1、传播新业态,新闻生产经营重大变革报纸、广播、电视等传统媒体走向衰落。新媒体在信息传播的时效性、互动性与传播手段的多样性上具有无可比拟的优势。新闻生产正在走向全社会,各种各样的“自媒体”风起云涌,播出渠道和内容已不再是传统媒体的专属优势,用户和终端才是控制传媒产业游戏的关键按钮。2、双重舆论场争鸣,舆论极化难控制中国正从曾经的传统媒体一元空间、固定渠道的单向传播,走向传统媒体与新媒体双重话语空间并存、复杂多向的传播格局。长期以来,以报纸、广播电视为主体的中国传统媒体追求“舆论一律”,以政治意志为导向整合社会,构成了一种典型的信息单向流动。改革开放之后,都市报、专业化媒体的兴起,主流舆论场开始受到多元话语冲击。互联网技术的发展,中国网络空间用户逐步跃居全球第一,参与到网络舆论空间的参政议政中。中国的公共话语空间呈现出传统媒体与新媒体双重话语空间“争鸣”的状态。2、双重舆论场争鸣,舆论极化难控制网络舆论同样也存在极化的风险:目前,中国8.02亿网民中,只有20.6%拥有大专及其以上学历,超过79.4%的网民为高中及其以下学历。网络民意并不代表真正的民意。大量精英分子如冰山一般“冷眼旁观”,而普通民众却无法控制地“一点就燃”。3、多元思潮涌现,主流意识形态受冲击4、全新执政环境,争夺传播主导权政府处于眼睛无处不在、耳朵无处不在、嘴巴无处不在的“全景化围观”环境中传播主导权关系到国家信息安全、意识形态安全、政策制定和推行,一旦失去,将困难重重!

The new media have an incomparable advantage in terms of the timeliness of the dissemination of information, interaction and diversity of means of communication. The news production is taking hold of society as a whole, with a wide variety of “from the media” evaporating, the broadcast channels and content of which are no longer the exclusive advantage of the traditional media, the emergence of a new state of power, the emergence of a new state of power, the struggle for the dissemination of dominant power, the spread of traditional media, such as newspapers, radio and television, and the decline of traditional media. The new media have an indisputable advantage in terms of the timeliness of the dissemination of information, their interaction and the diversity of means of communication.

五、互联网发展的两大支点:“全球化”与“个人化”现代性——“全球化”:物资、技术、资本、人才在全球流动并寻找最佳配置,产业分工越来越细,生产越来越专业化。类似于吉登斯《现代性与自我认同》中的“外延性”。

The two pillars of Internet development: “Globalization” and “personalization” modernity - “globalization”: the movement of goods, technology, capital, talent around the globe and the search for optimal configuration, the growing division of labour and the increasing specialization of production.

五、互联网发展的两大支点:“全球化”与“个人化”后现代性——“个人化”:每个人越来越特立独行,追求人格的独立、个人的理想、个人利益、个人话语权、个人独立生活、个人独特需求、个人兴趣。类似于吉登斯《现代性与自我认同》中的“意向性”。

The two pillars of Internet development: “Globalization” and “modernity” after “personalization — “personalization”: each individual is becoming more and more independent in pursuing the independence of the personality, individual ideals, personal interests, personal voice, independent living, unique needs of the individual, personal interest. Similar to the “intended nature” in Giddens' Modernity and Self-identification.

五、互联网发展的两大支点:“全球化”与“个人化”互联网把整个世界纳入每个个体中,个体依赖互联网与世界联系,以全球视野来建立新的社会关系,选择自己的生存和生活方式。一方面,互联网能使一时一地新闻,迅速得到广泛关注,进而产生全球性影响,如乌坎事件。另一方面,每个个体都有机会改变社会全貌,如美国总统克林顿与莱温斯基丑闻、宜黄自焚事件。

The two pillars of Internet development: “Globalization” and “personalized” the Internet integrates the world into each individual, relying on the Internet to connect with the world to create new social relations and choose its own way of life and life with a global perspective. On the one hand, the Internet allows news to spread quickly and widely, with global implications, such as the Ucan events. On the other hand, each individual has the opportunity to change the whole landscape of society, such as the Clinton and Lewinsky scandals and the yellow self-immolation.

五、互联网发展的两大支点,中国媒体的涅槃与新生新媒体时代的到来是中国媒体面临的一次挑战,也是对于自身使命的一次能动的涅槃,只有与时俱进,才能获取新生。ThankYou!感谢聆听!《网络与新媒体概论》?精品课件合集网络与新媒体概论第一章绪论网络与新媒体概论第二章互联网、新媒体与新技术

V. The two pillars of Internet development, the advent of the era of the Chinese media of Niezheng and the new media, is a challenge for the Chinese media, as well as a dynamic Niezheng for their own mission. Only by adapting to the times can they be rejuvenated. ThankYou! Thank you for listening!

目录一、互联网的产生与发展二、新媒体的基本特征三、新媒体的主要类型四、新技术的发展趋势

Catalogue I. Internet generation and development II. Basic features of new media III. Main types of new media IV. Trends in new technologies

一、互联网的产生与发展互联网(Internet)是全球性的信息系统,它有三方面的含义:在逻辑上由一个以国际互联协议(IP)及其延伸的协议为基础的全球唯一的地址空间连接起来;能够支持使用传输控制协议和网络互联协议(TCP/IP),或其他IP兼容协议的通信;公开或不公开地提供利用通信和相关基础设施的高级信息服务。1、互联网的起源1969年,美国国防部高级计划研究署(ARPA)与美国的一些大学共同开发的军用计算机网络ARPAnet,又称“阿帕网”。试图设计一种在冷战时期可以不被核弹攻击击毁的通信系统。ARPA在加州大学洛杉矶分校、圣巴巴拉分校、斯坦福研究所以及犹他大学分别设立四个节点,这四台计算机组成的“阿帕网”诞生,标志人类历史翻开了网络时代的新篇章。2、互联网的发展阶段第一次快速发展:20世纪80年代。1983年,TCP/IP协议成为美国互联网的标准通信协议(即从主机到主机的传输控制协定TCP和网络之间的协定IP)。2、互联网的发展阶段第二次飞跃:20世纪90年代后。互联网进入以资源共享为中心的商业化实用服务阶段,迅速走向世界。1995年至2019年全球网民数量统计2、互联网的发展阶段1990年,英国人蒂姆·伯纳斯·李提出了万维网(WorldWideWeb)的概念,采用超文本标识语言(HTML),个可以获得图形信息的超文本互联网协议,支持图形、声音、视频和文本。3、中国的互联网发展中国从1994年正式联入互联网,1995年出现互联网商用服务,起步虽然较晚,但发展极其迅速。主要分为2个阶段:(1)起步建设阶段:1986年-1994年。(2)普及应用阶段:①第一次互联网大浪潮:1995年-2000年。②第二次互联网大浪潮:2001年-2008年。③第三次互联网大浪潮:2009年至今。3、中国的互联网发展(1)起步建设阶段:1986年-1994年。1987年9月,CAnet正式建成中国第一个国际互联网电子邮件节点,9月20日,发出中国第一封电子邮件,揭开了中国使用互联网的序幕。1988年初,中国第一个X.25分组交换网CNPAC建成,当时覆盖北京、上海、广州、沈阳、西安、武汉、成都、南京、深圳等城市。同年底,清华大学开通电子邮件应用。1990年11月28日,中国正式注册登记中国的顶级域名CN。1994年4月20日,连入Internet的64K国际专线开通,实现与Internet的全功能连接。3、中国的互联网发展(2)普及应用阶段:1995年1月,邮电部电信总局分别在北京、上海设立的通过美国Sprint公司接入美国的64K专线开通,通过电话网、DNN专线以及X.25网等开始向社会提供Internet接入服务。这是中国互联网应用真正走向公众,进入社会普及阶段的标志。1999年1月,中国教育和科研计算机的卫星主干网全线开通。2000年3月30日,北京国家级互联网交换中心开通。3、中国的互联网发展①第一次互联网大浪潮:1995年-2000年,从四大门户到搜索,垫定BAT基础。1997年6月,丁磊创立网易公司;1998年张朝阳正式成立搜狐网;1998年邮箱普及&第一单网上支付完成1998年11月腾讯成立,由马化腾、张志东等五位创始人创立。1998年12月,由王志东先生创立新浪1999年聊天软件QQ出现,当时叫OICQ,后改名腾讯QQ风靡全国。1999年9月9日马云带领下的18位创始人

First, the creation of the Internet - the Internet and the development of the Internet (Internet), which is a global information system, has a three-fold meaning: logically connected by a unique global address space based on the Interconnection Agreement (IP) and its extensions; able to support the use of transmission control agreements and Internet interconnection agreements (TCP/IP), or other IP-compatible communications; publicly or not provided high-level information services using communications and related infrastructure. First, the origins of the Internet, 1969, the Advanced Planning Agency of the United States Department of Defense (ARPA) and a number of United States universities, the military computer network ARPAnet, also known as the “Apanet” and the “Apa” Agreement, which were developed in conjunction with the United States: the “Apocalix” Agreement, the “Apextranet” in the first phase of the Internet, which was launched in the 1980s.

在杭州正式成立了阿里巴巴集团2000年1月1日李彦宏在中关村创建了百度公司3、中国的互联网发展②第二次互联网大浪潮:2001年-2008年,从搜索到社交化网络。2001年中国互联网协会成立2002年,博客网成立2002年,个人门户兴起,互联网门户进入2.0时代2003年淘宝网上线,下半年阿里巴巴推出支付宝2004年网游市场风起云涌2005年博客元年2006年熊猫烧香病毒泛滥,感染数百万台计算机2007年电商服务业确定为国家重要新兴产业2008年中国网民首次超过美国3、中国的互联网发展③第三次互联网大浪潮:2009年至今,PC互联网到移动互联网,入口从搜索到各种各样APP分流。2009年SNS社交网站活跃,人人网、开心网、QQ、等SNS平台为代表2010年团购网站兴起,团购成为城市一族最潮的消费生活方式2011年微博迅猛发展,政务、企业微博等出现井喷式发展2012年手机网民规模首次超过台式&微信朋友圈上线2012年3月今日头条上线2012年双11阿里天猫与淘宝的总销售额达到191亿2014年滴滴快的巨资红包抢用户,“互联网+交通”出行2015年首次提出“互联网+”2016“魏则西事件”引发网络平台监管责任边界大讨论2016年,互联网直播、网红等热词“风靡全国”,短视频造就第一网红papi酱

In Hangzhou, the Aribaba Group was formally established on 1 January 2000 to create a 100-degree Internet wave in China's Guangzhou,3 and the second wave of Internet development in China: 2001-2008, from search to socialization networks. In 2001, the Chinese Internet Association was founded in 2002 with the creation of a personal portal, an Internet portal in 2002 and an Internet portal in 2003 in the era of 2.0. In the second half of 2009, the Alibaba social network was active in paying for the 2004 online market, and in 2005, the Panda virus spread in China in 2006, infected millions of computers in the electronics services industry, identified as the country's most important emerging industry, China's Internet development,3 the third wave of the Internet: from 2009 to the present, the PC to the mobile Internet portal, from the search to a wide variety of APP sub-flows.

二、新媒体的基本特征事实上,“新媒体”在人类社会传播史中一直存在。作为一个相对的概念,有“旧”就有“新”。广播之于报纸,电视之于广播,每一次传播技术变革都会带来所谓的“新媒体”,一系列新型媒介形态在相应的历史时期都属于“新媒体”,媒介形态始终处于不断发展、演化的过程中。

The basic features of the new media are, in fact, that the “new media” have always existed in the history of human social communication. As a relative concept, “old” is “new.” For newspapers, for television, for every technological change in communication, a series of new media forms are “new media” at the appropriate time of history, and media patterns are constantly evolving and evolving.

二、新媒体的基本特征新媒体,是伴随着互联网发展,以数字技术、计算机网络技术、移动通信技术为主要支撑,以数字化、交互性、超时空为主要特征的一系列新媒体形态。1、数字化数字化是新媒体的显著技术特征。数字化技术把文字、声音、图形、图像等模拟信息转换成0和1的计算机可读信息。数字化技术是新媒体技术的基础,它像处理数值一样处理所有形式的信息,彻底改变数据和信息的生产、获取、处理、传输和储存方式,提高传输效率。1、数字化第一,与传统媒体相比,新媒体的数字化特征拓展了传输手段、接收终端和表达形式的多样性。“多媒体化”、多层次、多角度。第二,数字化的新媒体打破了报纸、广播、电视等媒介之间的壁垒,使得同一内容具有了多介质传播的可能,大大增强了不同形式的媒介彼此之间的互联性,传播呈现出立体化、全景式的特点,媒介融合得以实现。第三,数字化技术为海量信息传播提供基础。以数字化技术为特征的新媒体基于互联网平台,将全世界的计算机和计算机网络连接起来,形成巨大无比的数据库,几乎可以无限量地储存和传播信息并进行高效信息管理。2、交互性2、交互性传播效果7月30日24时,突破6000万7月31日10时,突破1亿7月31日17时,突破2亿8月1日13时,突破5亿8月1日24时,达7.31亿8月1日当天累计浏览次数高达3.94亿。截至8月7日,“军装照”H5的浏览次数累计10.08亿,独立访客累计1.56亿,一分钟访问人数峰值高达41万。案例:2017年7月29日“人民日报”《军装照》2、交互性交互性是新媒体的本质传播特征。数字技术的发展使得新媒体的信息采集、制作与传播愈发便捷,运用电脑、手机、数码相机、数码摄像机等新媒体,每一个“受众”都能变成“传播者”,每一个人都可以检索、接收、发布、回复、评论各种信息,信息的传播者与受传者之间随时能够进行双向实时的交流。新媒体的交互性特征,不仅体现在传播的方向上,还体现在整个信息形成过程的改变带来的信息控制力的变化,还带来了信息传播的个性化。3、超时空超时空是新媒体的外部效果特征。一方面,新媒体具有传播上的快捷性和时间上的自由性,能够轻易做到即时传播。信息的采集、加工、制作、传递几乎实现了同步,传播时效性大大提升。另一方面,新媒体成为全球性的媒体。新媒体利用全球互联的网络系统和通信卫星技术,突破了地理区域的局限,具有传播的全球性和空间上的无限性。

Digitalized technologies transform text, voice, graphics, images, etc., into computer readable information. Digitalized technologies are the basis of new media technology, which treats all forms of information as processed values, radically alters the production, acquisition, processing, transmission and storage of data and information, improves the efficiency of the transmission of the technology, digitalizes the digitalization of the new technology, which is the main feature of the new media. 1/ Digitalizes the digitalization of the new media as a distinctive feature of the new media. The digitalization technology transforms text, sound, graphics, images, etc. into 0 and 1. The digitalization of the information of the new media into 0 and 1.

三、新媒体的主要类型按硬件设备终端来分:以计算机为显示终端、以手机和便携式电子设备为终端、以数字电视机为终端的新媒体按应用(软件)属性来分:静态应用新媒体(Web1.0)和动态应用新媒体(Web2.0)按经营性质来分:以营利为目的的商业新媒体和不以营利为目的的政府和公益类新媒体按应用功能来分:社交媒体、网络购物……

III. The main types of new media are divided by hardware equipment terminals: new media with computers as display terminals, mobile phones and portable electronic devices as terminals, digital televisions as applications (software): new media with static applications (Web1.0) and dynamic applications (Web 2.0) as operations: new commercial media for profit and new government and non-profit new media with non-profit purposes as applications: social media, Internet shopping...

三、新媒体的主要类型

Main types of new media

四、新技术的发展趋势数字技术、计算机网络技术、移动通信技术是互联网与新媒体发展的三大关键性支撑技术。新技术的发展趋势:数据化、智能化、移动化。1、数据化:数字技术走向大数据时代数字化是互联网的关键支撑技术,也是新媒体的显著技术特征。基于现有数据进行“预测”成为大数据的核心所在,谷歌搜索、Facebook的帖子和微博消息使得人们的行为和情绪细节化测量成为可能;用户的行为习惯和喜好能在凌乱纷繁的数据背后找到依据,更符合用户兴趣和习惯的产品和服务能够得到有针对性的调整和优化……从关注信息技术到关注信息本身,大数据时代存在无限可能。基于数据给人物画像GPS实时位置追踪2、智能化:计算机网络技术从Web1.0到Web3.0【视频】AI合成主播|一分钟看2019数博会上的新奇“玩意”2、智能化:计算机网络技术从Web1.0到Web3.0Web1.0时代沿袭了传统媒体大众传播的模式,是一个用户完全被动接受信息的时代。Web2.0将互动传播提升到重要位置,以博客、微博、在线流媒体为代表,开启以个人为中心的传播方式。Web3.0在大数据时代的背景下,创建出综合化的服务平台,提供基于用户偏好的个性化聚合信息服务,走向智能网络和智能应用的层次。2、智能化:计算机网络技术从Web1.0到Web3.0Web3.0时代来袭,带来的改变是什么?3、移动化:移动通信技术从1G到5G从1G发展到5G,用户彻底摆脱了终端设备的束缚,实现了完整的个人移动性、可靠的传输手段和接续方式。1G2G3G4G5G年代20世纪80年代20世纪90年代2000年以后2010年以后2020年业务支持语音语音和文本数据服务移动互联网互联网、移动通信网和物联网的融合主要制式AMIS/TACSGSM/IS-95WCDMA/cdma2000/TD-SCDMALTE-Advanced未知数据速度16kbit/s64kbit/s2Mbit/s100Mbit/s100Mbit/s-1Gbit/s关键技术FDMATDMA、窄带CDMA宽带CDMAOFDM、MIMO高频段通信、大规模MIMO、小蜂窝、云无线接入网、ROF、CDN、SDN、MTC【视频】科普:5G来了ThankYou!感谢聆听!《网络与新媒体概论》?精品课件合集网络与新媒体概论第一章绪论网络与新媒体概论第三章互联网的功能与应用克里蓬朵夫(Krippendorff)在其《传播的主要隐喻以及一些关于它们的用法的建构性反思》中,将媒介化身为六种隐喻,分别是容器(Container)、流体(Hydraulic)、控制(Control)、散播(Transmission)、战争(War)以及共舞(Ritual-dance)。作为传播技术的互联网也存在着这些功能,分别可以看成是信息传播、知识生产、社会交往、娱乐休闲、商务推广以及观念争议的场所与平台。

iv. Developmental digital technologies for new technologies, computer network technologies, mobile communication technologies are the three key supporting technologies for the development of the Internet and new media. Trends in new technologies: digitalization, intelligence, mobility.1, Dataization: digitalization of digital technologies towards the age of big data is a key underpinning of the Internet and a notable technological feature of the new media. “Predictation” based on existing data becomes the core of large data. Google searches, Facebook posts and microblogs make it possible to measure people’s behaviour and emotions in detail; user habits and preferences can be informed behind the heterogeneous data, more in line with users’ interests and habits’ products and services.

目录一、信息传播的通道二、知识生产的平台三、人际交往的平台四、娱乐新天地五、商务活动的平台六、意见自由市场

Catalogue I, Channel II for information dissemination, Platform III for knowledge production, Platform IV for interpersonal communication, Platform V for entertainment, Platform VI for business activities, Free Market of Opinion

一、信息传播的通道互联网对信息传播系统产生了结构性的影响。互联网作为信息生产与传播的平台,使得更多的主体参与到其中来,形成了全民性的生产与传播。互联网上可流通的信息数量剧增,流速愈快,流域更宽,流向更多元。

The Internet, as a platform for the production and dissemination of information, allows more subjects to participate in the production and dissemination of information on a universal basis.

一、信息传播的通道1.电子公告板系统(BulletinBoardSystem,BBS)作为互联网早期提供时政信息和社区信息的主力互联网应用,BBS在传播信息方面算得上是鼻祖。在中国,即使在互联网应用高度丰富的今天,有两类论坛依旧有不少用户,即高校论坛和时政论坛。

1. The electronic bulletin board system (BulletinBoardSystem, BBS) is a nostalgia for the dissemination of information as the backbone of the Internet for providing information on current affairs and communities at an early stage. In China, even today, even with high Internet applications, there are two types of forums that still have many users, namely, the Higher School Forum and the Time Forum.

一、信息传播的通道2.超级链接(Hyperlink)与门户(Portal)超级链接是一种非线性的信息组织方式,其设计成模拟人类思维方式的文本,即在数据中又包含与其他数据的链接。门户(门户网站),是综合某类互联网信息资源并提供有关信息服务的信息系统。主要提供新闻、搜索引擎、网络接入、聊天室、电子公告牌、免费邮箱、影音资讯、电子商务、网络社区、网络游戏、免费网页空间等。

i. Channels for the dissemination of information 2. Hyperlinks (Hyperlink) and portals (Portal) are a non-linear way of information organization designed to simulate the human way of thinking, i.e. to include links to other data in the data. The portal (Portal) is an information system that integrates certain types of Internet information resources and provides related information services. It provides news, search engines, network access, chat rooms, electronic bulletin boards, free mailboxes, audio and video information, e-commerce, network communities, network games, free web space, etc.

一、信息传播的通道3.搜索引擎(SearchEngine)搜索引擎是指根据一定的策略、运用特定的计算机程序从互联网上搜集信息,在对信息进行组织和处理后,为用户提供检索服务,将用户检索的相关信息展示给用户的系统。包括全文索引、目录索引、元搜索引擎、垂直搜索引擎、集合式搜索引擎、门户搜索引擎与免费链接列表等。

i. Channel 3. Search engine (SearchEngine) for the dissemination of information refers to a system that collects information from the Internet according to a certain strategy, uses a specific computer program, organizes and processes the information, provides a search service for users, and displays relevant information retrieved by users to users. These include full-text indexes, indexes, meta-search engines, vertical search engines, convective search engines, portal search engines and a list of free links.

二、知识生产的平台1.信息聚合(ReallySimpleSyndicationorRichSiteSummary,RSS)RSS是一种描述和同步网站内容的格式,目前广泛用于网上新闻频道、博客和Wiki上,主要的版本有0.91、1.0和2.0。

ii. Platform for Knowledge Production 1. Information aggregation (Really SimpleSyndicationorRichSiteSummary, RSS) RSS is a format for describing and synchronizing the content of the website and is now widely used on online news channels, blogs and Wiki, with the main versions of 0.91, 1.0 and 2.0.

二、知识生产的平台2.网络百科(Wiki)网络百科是一个基于wiki技术、内容自由、任何人都能参与、并有多种语言的百科全书协作计划,是一个动态的、可自由访问和编辑的全球知识体,也被称作Web20时代的“人民的百科全书”。

ii. Platform 2. Wiki Network Encyclopaedia is a collaborative encyclopedia based on wiki technology, freedom of content, participation by all and multilingual, a dynamic, freely accessible and edited global body of knowledge, also known as the “People's Encyclopedia” of the Web20 era.

二、知识生产的平台3.社会化书签(Tag)Tag没有统一的中文名称,一般称之为“书签”,也有的称之为“开放分类”或“大众分类”。

Platform 3. Socialized bookmarks (Tag) Tag do not have a uniform Chinese name, commonly referred to as “bookmarks” or “open classification” or “public classification”.

二、知识生产的平台互联网提供了诸多进行知识生产的平台和工具,一方面为受众提供生产知识的工具,另一方面也为受众提供更为方便快捷地聚合这些知识的工具,颠覆了以往知识生成和获得的垄断形式,改为一种更为开放和互动的方式。

Secondly, the knowledge-producing platform Internet provides a wide range of platforms and tools for knowledge production that, on the one hand, provide the audience with the tools to produce knowledge and, on the other hand, provide the audience with the tools to bring it together more easily and quickly, destabilizing the previously monopolistic form of knowledge generation and acquisition and transforming it into a more open and interactive way.

三、人际交往的平台1.电子邮件(E-mail)在全球范围内,现在有超过60亿个电子邮件帐户。平均而言,全球人类每小时发送的非垃圾邮件数量超过30亿封。据麦肯锡表示,一般工作人员每周花13个小时阅读和回复电子邮件。有些人认为电子邮件的主导作用将会消失,有很多替代品出现,包括社交媒体,消息应用程序和无数其他在线通信工具。互联网的互动性、即时性成就了其作为人际交往的新平台。

Three: Platform 1. E-mail (E-mail) for interpersonal communication. There are now more than 6 billion e-mail accounts worldwide. On average, humans send more than 3 billion non-spams per hour worldwide. According to McKinsey, general staff spend 13 hours per week reading and responding to e-mails. Some believe that e-mail leadership will disappear, with many alternatives emerging, including social media, message applications, and numerous other online communication tools.

三、人际交往的平台2.即时通信(IM)即时通信是一种基于互联网的即时交流信息的业务,允许两人或多人使用网络即时传递文字、图片、语音或视频,根据终端不同可分为PC即时通信和手机即时通信。

3. Platforms for interpersonal communication 2. Immediate communication (IM) is an Internet-based, instantaneous exchange of information that allows two or more persons to use the network to transmit text, pictures, voice or video instantaneously, which can be divided into PC instantaneous communications and mobile phone instantaneous communications depending on the endpoint.

三、人际交往的平台3.IP电话IP电话是一种通过互联网或其他使用IP技术的网络来实现通话的新型技术。

III. Platform 3.IP telephony is a new technology for communication via the Internet or other networks using IP technology.

三、人际交往的平台4.社交网络(SNS)社交网络,也就是网络+社交的意思,即通过网络这一载体把人们连接起来,从而形成具有某一特点的团体。社交媒体近年来发展迅速,呈现社交细分的迹象,如大众社交(微博)、私密社交(Meyo)和专业社交(LinkIn)等。

The social media have evolved rapidly in recent years, showing signs of social segmentation, such as mass socialization (web), private socialization (Meyo) and professional socialization (LinkIn).

四、娱乐新天地1.对等网络下载(P2P)对等网络也称对等连接,是一种新的通信模式,每个参与者具有同等的能力,可以发起一个通信会话。由于速度快,它已成为下载娱乐内容如电视剧、电影和音乐等的重要方式。

The P2P peer-to-peer network, also known as the peer-to-peer network, is a new mode of communication in which each participant has the same ability to launch a communication session. Because of its speed, it has become an important means of downloading entertainment content, such as television dramas, films and music.

四、娱乐新天地2.交互式网络电视(IPTV)交互式网络电视,是一种利用宽带的有线电视网,集互联网、多媒体、通信等技术于一体,向家庭用户提供包括数字电视在内的多种交互式服务的崭新技术。

2. Interactive Internet Television (IPTV) is a new technology that combines Internet, multimedia, communications and other technologies using broadband to provide a wide range of interactive services, including digital television, to family users.

四、娱乐新天地3.视频分享视频分享网站是指在完善的技术平台支持下,让互联网用户在线流畅发布、浏览和分享视频作品,YouTube是世界上最大的视频分享网站。

3. Video-sharing websites are those that allow Internet users to post, browse and share video works online, with the support of a well-developed technology platform. YouTube is the world's largest video-sharing site.

四、娱乐新天地

IV. A NEW PLACE OF ENJOYMENT

截至2018年12月,网络视频用户规模达6.12亿,较2017年底增加3309万,占网民整体的73.9%。手机网络视频用户规模达5.90亿,较2017年底增加4101万,占手机网民的72.2%。

As of December 2018, the size of web-based video users stood at 612 million, an increase of 33.09 million, or 73.9 per cent, compared to the end of 2017. The size of mobile-based video users reached 590 million, an increase of 41.1 million, or 72.2 per cent, compared with the end of 2017.

四、娱乐新天地

IV. A NEW PLACE OF ENJOYMENT

网络视频也备受中国网民青睐,爱奇艺以月度活跃用户数5.09亿居榜首;其次为腾讯视频,其月活跃用户规模达4.82亿。同时,短视频发展强势,在活跃用户规模显著增长的同时占据了大量碎片化时间,2017年底快手用户规模突破2亿,火山小视频、西瓜视频、抖音突破1亿,在人均单日启动次数上也是行业领先。

The online video is also popular with China’s Netizens, with Aichi culture leading with 509 million active users per month; and the second with 482 million active users per month. At the same time, short video growth has been strong, taking up a significant amount of fragmentation time at the same time as the number of active users has grown significantly, with fast-hand users breaking 200 million by the end of 2017, volcanic mini-videos, watermelons, tremors breaking 100 million, and industry leading in terms of the number of start-ups per person per day.

四、娱乐新天地4.图片分享Flickr为用户提供免费及付费的数位照片储存、分享方案的线上服务,也提供网络社群服务的平台图片社交应用Instagram,目前总用户数达7亿

4. Photo sharing 4. Flickr provides users with free and fee-paying digital photo storage, online services for the sharing programme, and also provides web-based community services for the platform's social use of Instagram, which currently stands at 700 million users.

五、商务活动的平台电子商务的主要形式包括B2B、B2C、C2C等模式。在中国,淘宝、京东等一大批电子商务网站的出现构成中国人新的消费模式。网上比价、当天送达、商家信用等新概念不仅刷新了人们的购物理念,也推动物流、线上金融等产业的发展。

In China, the emergence of a large number of e-commerce websites, such as Bo and Kyung-dong, constitutes a new consumption model for Chinese. New concepts such as online pricing, service delivery, and business credit not only refresh people’s shopping concepts, but also promote the development of logistics, online finance, etc.

六、意见自由市场意见自由市场是经典的自由主义报刊理论中的重要观点,意为真理的传播并不依靠权威,而是依靠在自由的言论空间中与谬误的较量而显示自身。互联网提供多重现实促进多元主体互动参与,无疑为意见的自由传播和交锋提供了更为便利的条件。

vi. The free market of opinion is an important point of view in classic liberal newspaper theories, meaning that the dissemination of truth does not depend on authority, but rather on showing itself in a free space of speech against fallacy. The Internet offers multiple realities that promote the interactive participation of multiple subjects, undoubtedly providing more convenient conditions for free dissemination and confrontation of opinions.

六、意见自由市场1.博客(Blog)与播客(Podcast)早期博客,兼具自媒体属性和交互属性,是公众交流信息、展示自我的重要平台。随着社交媒体和社交网络的兴起,博客的交互功能逐渐被替代。博客的使用率如今逐年下降,已大不如从前。截至2014年12月,我国博客用户规模为1.09亿,网民中的使用率仅为16.8%。但是博客作为意见自由市场在中国仍然具有开创性的意义。

As social media and social networks rise, the interactive functions of blogs are gradually being replaced. The use of blogs is now declining from year to year. As of December 2014, we had 109 million bloggers and only 16.8 per cent of Internet users.

六、意见自由市场2.微博(Microblog)微博是一种非正式的迷你型博客,是基于Web2.0平台的一种可以发布即时消息的系统。微博可以使用户通过网页、手机、IM软件(如QQ,MSN,Gtalk,Skype等)和API等方式发送图片和文字信息,不受任何时间地点的限制。

vi. Microblog 2. Microblog is an informal mini-blog based on Web 2.0 platform as a system for delivering instant messaging. Microblogging allows users to send pictures and text messages via web pages, mobile phones, IM software (e.g. QQ, MSN, Gtalk, Skype, etc.) and API, without any time constraints.

六、意见自由市场2018年新浪微博用户报告

VI. Report by the users of the Freedom of Opinion Market, Novo Weibo 2018

六、意见自由市场3.微信(WeChat)相较于微博的大众式传播,微信更倾向于进行分众传播,每个人都隶属于自己社交的小圈子里,言论和信息只能在朋友圈里传播,由于微信的朋友圈基本上都是强联系的社会关系,因此言论会受到圈内群体压力的影响。这样的传播形式将诞生新的意见领袖,活跃在各个领域的技术精英、关键资源的占有者将成为新的“大V”,以新的形态成为微信时代的意见领袖。截至2018年4月:全球月活用户数达到10.4亿

VI. The free market of opinion, 3. WeChat, in contrast to the mass dissemination of microblogging, prefers microblogging, where each person belongs to his or her own social circle, where speech and information can be spread only within the circle of friends, and where, as the circle of friends of the microbite is essentially a strong bond, it is influenced by pressure from the inner circle. This form of communication will give birth to new opinion leaders, and the technological elites active in various fields, and the holders of key resources, will become the new “big V” in a new form, becoming the opinion leaders of the era of microbism. As of April 2018: the number of live users of the global month reached 1.04 billion.

六、意见自由市场2018年微信用户使用报告

VI. USE OF THE VOLUNTARY MARK OF VIEWS, 2018

六、意见自由市场博客、微博和微信赋予中国的受众表达意见和交锋观点的重要平台,传统媒体越来越多地关注自媒体上的事件和观点,并引为自己的新闻线索,也常常由于互联网上激烈的意见交锋而扩展自己的报道边界,提供更为全面和客观的报道从而实现自己的价值。总之,未来互联网将与我们的生活更加紧密地联系在一起,互联网不再是虚拟的赛博空间,而是真实的客观现实。ThankYou!感谢聆听!《网络与新媒体概论》?精品课件合集网络与新媒体概论第一章绪论网络与新媒体概论第四章从受众到用户

vi. Freedom of opinion market blogs, microblogs, and micro-letters provide an important platform for Chinese audiences to express their views and points of view. Traditional media are increasingly paying attention to events and views in the media and drawing their own news leads. They often expand their reporting boundaries, providing more comprehensive and objective coverage, and realizing their value. In short, the Internet will be more closely linked to our lives in the future. The Internet is no longer a virtual cyberspace, but a real objective reality.

目录一、互联网用户的发展现状二、从受众到用户三、互联网用户的小众化、碎片化趋势1、互联网用户的规模1.互联网用户的规模互联网用户,又称网民、网众,中国互联网络信息中心(CNNIC)对我国互联网用户的定义为:过去半年内使用过互联网的6周岁及以上的中国居民。全世界76.34亿人当中全球互联网用户总数已达到41.56亿互联网普及率54.4%截止2017年12月底中国13.84亿人当中中国互联网用户总数已达到7.72亿互联网普及率55.8%截止2017年12月底1、互联网用户的规模我国互联网用户规模和普及率年份网民数(万人)互联网普及率201361,75845.8%201464,87547.9%201568,82650.3%201673,12553.2%201777,19855.8%1、互联网用户的规模中国手机网民及其占网民比例2、互联网用户的结构中国互联网用户的构成情况是动态的,不仅要看某一时间节点的数字,还应研究其发展变化的趋势。此外,中国互联网用户之间存在明显的差异性,不能简单地以人口统计学上的总体特征来替代某一部分用户的具体特征,而要具体问题具体分析,发现并掌握我国互联网用户的发展变化逻辑。【链接】第42次《中国互联网络发展状况统计报告》(全文)2、互联网用户的结构(1)性别结构:网民性别结构与人口性别比例趋同。2、互联网用户的结构(2)年龄结构:我国互联网用户以青少年、青年和中年群体为主。2、互联网用户的结构(3)学历结构:我国网民以中等教育水平的群体为主。2、互联网用户的结构——职业结构(4)职业结构学生群体在用户中占比最高。互联网用户过于集中在某些职业和行业的现象正在发生改观,呈分散化、大众化的发展态势。2、互联网用户的结构——收入结构(5)收入结构月收入在2000—5000元的网民群体占比最高,总计达到36.8%;2018年上半年无收入人群和高收入人群(月收入5000元以上)占比有所提升。2、互联网用户的结构(6)应用结构第一,基础应用用户规模稳定增长,综合类平台内容优化进程加快。第二,互联网理财使用率提升明显,市场规范化有序化发展。第三,电子商务与社交应用融合加深,移动支付使用率保持增长。第四,互联网娱乐健康发展,短视频应用迅速崛起。第五,共享出行用户高速增长,市场资源得到进一步整合。

Catalogue I, Status of Development of Internet Users, Number of Internet Users, Number of Internet Users, Number of Internet Users, Size of Internet Users, Size of Internet Users, Size of Internet Users 1. The Internet Users, Size of China's Internet Users, Internet Users, China's Internet Users Information Centre (CNNIC) defines our Internet Users as: Chinese residents aged 6 years and above who have used the Internet in the past six months. The total number of Internet users worldwide has reached 4,156 million Internet penetrations 54.4 per cent by the end of December 2017, The total number of Internet Users has reached 55.8 per cent by the end of December 2017, The total number of Internet Users in China has reached 772 million by the end of the year, The total number of Internet Users in China has reached 55.8 per cent by the end of December, The number of Internet Users in China's Internet Users and the number of Internet Users in China's Internet Users in the Internet Users' Structure has increased.

二、从受众到用户“受众”概念在20世纪下半叶开始流行起来。“受众”这一概念由传统意义上的演讲听众、戏剧观众演化而来。在传播学的意义上,它泛指媒介信息的接受者。“积极的受众”这一概念在20世纪70年代之后开始流行,学者们开始把注意力从传者转向受者,关心人们如何使用媒介,以及在媒介使用中获得的意义。美国式的经验研究以“使用与满足”理论为代表,而英国的文化研究以霍尔的“编码—解码”理论为主要标志。随着计算机和数字媒体日益扮演重要角色,“用户”的概念被引入传播学领域。1、从被动接受到主动获取数字化时代之后,互联网打破了传统大众媒体对信息源的掌控,互联网用户拥有了获取信息的主动权。互联网用户可自由地选择他们要看、要读、要写的信息。这种选择,既包括对信息内容的选择,也包括对信息的接收形式、接收时间、接收顺序的选择。用户主动获取信息的渠道多种多样,如搜索引擎、协同过滤。2、从接收信息到传播信息互联网技术的发展,用户具备了成为信息传播主体的条件。数字技术使传者与受者位置互换、重叠、界限模糊,传播活动逐渐“去中心化”。在Web2.0的技术平台上,信息传播交互的每一个节点都可能是一个传送或接收的中心,传播活动早已不再是自上而下的单向式传播,而是呈现出信息传播的双向结构和网状结构。相比之前,人们进行传播活动更加便捷、高效,每个用户都可以在对话中实现决策参与,成为传播活动主体。2、从接收信息到传播信息互联网为用户提供的传播空间,延伸了大众的这种象征性权力。互联网赋予了信源蜂窝式增长的可能,亿万互联网用户都是信息和观点的所有者。从理论层面看,全世界只要联通网络的国家和地区,每一个人都是信源。《时代》周刊2006年年度人物—“你”2、从接收信息到传播信息2、从接收信息到传播信息互联网用户作为信息的传播者,其主要传播特征即自媒体表达。每个人在即时化的海量信息传播中,模糊了个人媒体和传统大众媒体的边界。“阅众参与”“去中心化”和“平等对话”,意味着传统意义上的“受众”参与到新闻生产链条的上游,而不再只是单纯的阅听大众,也意味着媒体生态和运作规则的深刻改变正在酝酿和发生之中。3、从消费商品到生产内容传统的媒体消费者之“被动的信息接受者、目标对象”的角色被“搜寻者、咨询者、浏览者、反馈者、对话者、交谈者”等新角色所取代。“用户生成内容”概念的诞生与日益流行,正是这种身份转换的标志。4、从匿名群体到真实个体匿名性绝非互联网用户的特征。随着网络和新媒体向各个领域更深、更广地渗透,用户愈发倾向于有选择地公开个人隐私,把现实生活中的自己呈现于互联网,塑造一个真实的、固定的个体身份。5、从受众反馈到用户体验在我国,对受众的真正重视和尊重,是在党的十四大召开以后。当新闻媒体真正走向市场、参与市场竞争以后,新闻媒体的从业人员才懂得,受众是新闻媒体的“衣食父母”,是新闻媒体的“上帝”。中国的新闻媒体从这时候开始,从以传者为中心逐步向以受者为中心的过渡。伴随着这一过渡,新闻媒体更加重视受众的调查,真心实意地倾听受众各种形式的反馈。5、从受众反馈到用户体验互联网时代的用户体验具有如下特征:1.用户的个性化需求提高。“体验”因其差异性和不可替代性使用户自身的在场成为一种相对稀缺的资源,而以用户体验为导向的产品设计最大的特点就是突出人性化。这就需要针对用户个性特征和个人需求来为用户提供量身定制的信息服务。2.用户的参与性需求提高。互联网时代用户不仅仅关注得到怎样的信息,更关注在哪里、如何得到信息。相较结果而言,用户更重视过程,需要信息服务更具开放性、互动性。用户需发挥想象力和创造性,从而获得掌控感、成就感和满足感。3.用户的情感性需求提高。用户在注重信息服务内容和质量的同时,更注重情感的愉悦和满足。他们更注重整个消费过程的环境、信息关联度以及技术条件支持带来的真实感受。

The concept of “active audience” began to prevail after the 1970s, with scholars turning their attention from the sender to the recipient and interested in the use of the medium. The concept of “use and meet” was introduced in the second half of the twentieth century, while the British cultural study was marked by the “code-decoding” theory of the Hall, the “diffusion” of the message of the Internet, the “diffusion” of the information of the Internet, the “diffusion” of the information of the Internet, the “diffusion” of the information of the computer and the digital media, the “diffusion” of the information of the Internet, the dissemination of the information of the information of the Internet, the dissemination of the information of the information of the Internet, the acquisition of the information of the traditional mass media, the acquisition of the information of the Internet, the diffusion of the information of the information of the Internet, the diffusion of the information of the information of the Internet, the information of the information of the Internet, the information of the potential users, the communication of the information of the information of the Internet, the information of the Internet, the technology of the Internet.

三、互联网用户的小众化、碎片化趋势社会转型期以来带来的社会结构的分化。社会结构的分化带来媒介的分化、用户的小众化。与大众传播相比,互联网小众传播的特点表现为:1.传播主体和传播内容的细分。小众化传播不再追求广种薄收,而是着眼于特定的群体,提供符合特定需求的信息和服务。2.用户的主动性增强。传统的受众在接受信息的时间、空间上都处于被动地位,而小众化传播便于用户冲破时空束缚获取自己需要的东西。3.传、受者之间的互动频繁,界限模糊。大众传播是单向性传播活动,其中虽然有诸如读者来信、热线电话等反馈形式,但这种互动机制较弱,且大都不具备即时性特征。而在小众化传播时代,每个用户都身兼传者与受众两种角色。1、小众化的积极面(1)文化发展的新方向一方面,互联网用户的小众化,促进了文化多样性、包容性、延续性发展,推动着“百花齐放”的局面。另一方面,小众群体是新的智慧形态的催化剂。群体智慧创造了新的知识空间,催生了更为广泛的决策参与、新的公民与社区模式以及信息的互惠交换。1、小众化的积极面(2)经济增长的新动力一方面,互联网用户的小众化发展,对经济领域的影响是显而易见的,它无疑给企业带来了新希望,原本被忽视的需求量小、种类繁杂的产品成为新的利润增长点。另一方面,小众化冲击了卖方市场,满足消费者的需求成为决定企业生产产品的重要参考,生产需要变得更加人性化。2、小众化的消极面小众化,意味着互联网用户正日益分裂成无数的小群体,这些小群体表现出群体内同质、群体间异质的特征。(1)“信息茧房”的扩张桑斯坦在著作《信息乌托邦》中提出了“信息茧房”的概念——公众往往根据自身的兴趣爱好获取信息,因而信息结构是不完整、不全面的,久而久之,会置自身于蚕茧一般的狭隘的空间。小群体中的人,只选择自己偏爱的交流领域,与兴趣相合的人聚谈,经过时间累积,逐渐形成了趋同的风格;而各个群体间,则有话语隔阂、沟通障碍,由于分化明显而导致认同困难。长期生活在信息茧房之中,容易使人视野狭窄、偏执自负、盲信盲从。2、小众化的消极面立足现实审慎地看待“信息茧房”现象。一方面,通过各种网络平台或渠道,用户因意见或态度相近而聚集,而群体的集聚又反过来强化了这种意见或态度。当个人诉求无法得到满足或事态未按预期发展时,或信息聚合导致判断失当,人们可能会失去理性,甚至做出一些极端行为。另一方面,互联网不仅仅是为信息茧房的生长提供了温床,同样也为跨越地界的自由交流、公共事物的理性探讨提供广阔平台,群体的“极化”力量未必强过群体的“整合”力量。2、小众化的消极面(2)

In contrast to mass communication, the diffusion of the Internet is characterized by: 1. Disaggregated subjects and dissemination content. The diffusion of the Internet is no longer aimed at a wide variety of groups, but rather at providing information and services tailored to specific needs. 2. User initiative. Traditional audiences are in a passive position in terms of time, space, and the diffusion of social structures that allow users to break through time and space to gain access to what they need.” The division of social structures has led to the division of media, the fragmentation of users. 3. Communication, the frequent interaction of recipients and the blurring of user boundaries. Mass communication is a one-way communication activity in the form of feedback, such as letters from readers, hotlines, etc., but such interaction mechanisms are weak and largely absent in the form of instantaneous information. In the era of mass dissemination, each user is in a passive role with the audience.

社会黏性的丧失伴随互联网的发展和普及,人与人之间直接的接触交流逐渐减少,而网络上选择信息的高自由度使人们很容易形成群己之分,使个体脱离社会共同体的发展轨道,减少社会经验的分享。当个体之间、群体之间缺乏黏性,离散成单一的力量,无疑将会极大地弱化群体的功能,产生消极的影响。ThankYou!感谢聆听!《网络与新媒体概论》?精品课件合集网络与新媒体概论第一章绪论网络与新媒体概论第五章新媒体与传统媒体

The loss of social glue is accompanied by the development and spread of the Internet, and direct communication between people is gradually diminishing, while the high degree of freedom to choose information on the Internet makes it easier for people to form groups, leaving individuals off the path of social development and reducing the sharing of social experiences. When individuals, groups, and individuals lack the same bond, and are separated into a single force, it will undoubtedly significantly weaken the functioning of groups and have a negative impact.

目录一、新媒体带来传媒格局变革二、传统媒体的求生之路三、媒介融合

Catalogue I. New media bring changes in media patterns, traditional media life paths, media integration

一、新媒体带来传媒格局变革新媒体产业的异军突起打破了平面媒体、广播、电视垄断上百年的媒介格局。一方面,新媒体产业加剧了市场竞争,传统媒体的市场空间越来越狭窄,另一方面,新媒体产业逼迫传统媒体加强对新媒体技术的利用与融合,单一的传统媒体将无法生存。更为深刻的是,新媒体产业改变了传统受众的阅读习惯,将消费者由“受众”转变为“用户”,颠覆了传统媒体的“游戏规则”。新媒体成为传媒业的核心,已是大势所趋。1、传统媒体特别是纸质媒体颓势难以逆转(1)

On the one hand, the new media industry has increased market competition, the traditional media market space has become narrower, and on the other hand, the new media industry has forced the traditional media to strengthen the use and integration of new media technologies. More deeply, the new media industry has changed the reading habits of traditional audiences, transforming consumers from “users” to “users” and destabilizing the “rules of the game” of traditional media.

平面媒体发行量大跌《纽约时报》的发行量从2010年的平日刊906万份、星期天刊1357万份,跌至2014年1月的平日刊681万份、星期天刊1217万份,再跌至2017年的平日刊仅50多万份、星期天刊不详。但截至2017年底,《纽约时报》的数字订户总数已超过260万。2016年的最后一天“上海早报双雄”之一的《东方早报》也宣布从2017年1月1日起正式停刊。1、传统媒体特别是纸质媒体颓势难以逆转(2)电视、广播也不同程度面临衰退近半数网络视频用户不再接触传统媒体,50、60后亦在远离传统媒体。1、传统媒体特别是纸质媒体颓势难以逆转(3)传统媒体广告收入下滑依靠二次售卖获得的广告收入,是传统媒体维持运作的生命线,但网络媒体对传统媒体广告客户的分流,正蚕食着传统媒体的最后阵地。20132014201520162017电视40%39%38%37%36%网络25%29%33%35%39%报纸15%13%12%10%9%广播7%7%6%6%6%杂志7%6%5%4%4%户外7%7%7%7%7%全球各类媒体广告市场规模结构1、传统媒体特别是纸质媒体颓势难以逆转(4)传统媒体的衰退是世界性的在亚洲、拉美等地区的新兴经济体,由于市场空间还没有达到饱和,随着经济发展和文化素质的不断提高,传统媒体仍有一定发展空间,但从世界范围来看,相比于新媒体的爆发式增长,已如强弩之末。新媒体阅读模式对青年人来说有很大吸引力,而传统媒体受众缩小、广告乏力,长此以往,传统媒体发展空间势必逐渐缩小。众多专家预测,单一形式的传统媒体将在这个世纪内消亡,传统媒体产业的不景气似乎正在印证这一预言。2、新媒体产业持续升温2006年,视频网站YouTube被谷歌以165亿美金的高价收购。2018年12月18日,世界品牌实验室编制的《2018世界品牌500强》揭晓,YouTube排名第20位。2012年5月,Web20的代表社交网站Facebook在纳斯达克上市,IPO定价为最高发行价38美元,发售42亿股,融资规模将达160亿美元。2018年7月,Facebook市值已超过6000亿美元。2、新媒体产业持续升温中国互联网”三巨头”企业已成长为市值几千亿美元的巨型公司2、新媒体产业持续升温2016年中国网络经济规模为14707亿元,同比增长28.5%。经过多年高速增长后,网络经济发展进入稳健期,增速略有放缓,但整体仍保持稳定的增长态势,未来还将继续增长。3、受众阅读习惯与媒介接触方式转变“上网”已经由一种“时尚”渐渐变成“必需品”。新媒体把传统的“受众”改造成了“用户”,也重塑了大众的阅读习惯和阅读方式。随着移动互联网技术和移动终端技术的进步,随时随地登入互联网进行阅读已经逐渐普及。【链接】第42次《中国互联网络发展状况统计报告》(全文)

By the end of 2017, the number of digital subscribers to the New York Times had risen to more than 2.6 million. One of the last days of 2016, the New York Times, had dropped from 9.06 million copies of the New York Times, 13.5 million copies of the New York Times, 13.7 million copies of the New York Times, 68.1 million copies of the January 2014 edition of the New York Journal, 12.1 million copies of the Sunday Journal, more than half a million copies of the 2017 editions. However, by the end of 2017, the number of digital subscribers to the New York Times had fallen significantly from 9.6 million copies of the New York Times, from 9.6 million copies of the New York Times, from 9 per cent of the New York Times, from 9 per cent of the New York Times, from 1 January 2017, to 12 million copies of the New York Times, from 1 January 2017, to 20 per cent of the traditional Internet, to 20 per cent of the traditional Internet, to 20 per cent of the traditional media, to 20 per cent of the traditional media.

二、传统媒体的求生之路1、进入新媒体(1)平面媒体与新媒体:网络报刊、移动终端报刊(2)广播媒体与新媒体:网络广播、手机移动终端广播(3)电视媒体与新媒体:网络电视、移动终端电视、数字电视和IPTV2、调整战略(1)保持内容优势(2)适应从“受众”到“用户”的转变(3)创新盈利模式1、进入新媒体在新媒体的冲击下,传统媒体为求生存,最初的想法就是进入新媒体,利用已存在的内容和品牌,结合新技术开发传统媒体的新传播形式。(1)平面媒体与新媒体:网络报刊、移动终端报刊(2)广播媒体与新媒体:网络广播、手机移动终端广播(3)电视媒体与新媒体:网络电视、移动终端电视、数字电视和IPTV2、调整战略关键:“内容为王”、抓住用户、拓展盈利模式。具体而言:(1)保持内容优势(2)适应从“受众”到“用户”的转变(3)创新盈利模式2、调整战略(1)保持内容优势与新媒体相比,传统媒体在内容上,具有信息量丰富和信息质量高两大优势。传统媒体在转型时,应突出内容资源的优势,明确在产业链中的定位,将内容资源和新媒体的渠道优势整合运作。信息量丰富,可提供大量原创内容信息质量高,有深度,权威性强2、调整战略(2)适应从“受众”到“用户”的转变新媒体时代,交互性强的特质使得受众不再仅仅是被动的信息接收者,而被转变为可以创造、生产信息的“用户”。用户既是新媒体内容的浏览者和使用者,同时用户也通过新媒体参与互动,制作和发布信息,成为“自媒体”。品牌精确定位筛分用户群利用传统媒体与新媒体融合新媒介形态,转型“网络平台”结合网络传播的特点,根据用户反馈,定制内容2、调整战略(3)创新盈利模式在新媒体时代,大量新媒体企业用免费的业务吸引用户,先将用户拉拢过来,再根据用户需求提供服务,盈利模式与传统媒体有很大差别。差异化内容收费精确投放的网络广告在线娱乐等类型的增值服务

(ii) Traditional media life paths, access to new media (1), access to new media (1), access to new media (1), access to new media (1), access to new print media (2), broadcasting media (2) and new media: Internet radio, mobile terminal radio (3), television and IPTV (2), adaptation strategies (2) to the advantage of content (2), adaptation from “objects” to “users” (3), access to new media under the shock of new media (1), access to traditional media (1), access to new media (1), use existing content and brands (2), use new media to develop new forms of communication in conjunction with new technologies (2), use new media to adapt to the demand of new users to the need for new technologies (3), connect to the new media (2), connect to the new media and to the new Internet (3), connect to the new communications media and to the new communications technology.2 The new media to the advantage of new and to the new information technology (2), and to the new users to the new and to the new and to the new ones, to the new ones, to the new and to the new ones, to the new ones, to the new and to the new ones, to the new ones, to the new and to the new ones.

三、媒介融合1、媒介融合的概念2、媒介融合的三大诱因(1)技术诱因(2)经济诱因(3)市场诱因3、媒介融合的主要形式(1)内容融合(2)网络融合(3)终端融合4、媒介融合实践1、媒介融合的概念1978年,新媒体先驱尼古拉·尼葛洛庞蒂(NicholasNegroponte)首先将媒介融合定义为“各种技术和媒介形式的汇聚”。1983年,美国传播学者、马萨诸塞州理工大学伊契尔-索勒·普尔(IthieldeSolaPool)教授提出,“媒介融合,就是各种媒介呈现出多功能一体化的发展趋势。”2003年,美国学者李奇·高登(RichGordon)在《融合一词的意义与内涵》一文中进一步总结了媒介融合在不同传播语境下的六类含义,即媒体科技融合、媒体所有权合并、媒体战术性联合、媒体组织结构性融合、新闻采访技能融合以及新闻叙事形式融合,这使得人们对媒介融合的内涵有了更为全面而具体的认识。1、媒介融合的概念蔡雯提出媒介融合是指在以数字技术、网络技术和电子通信技术为核心的科学技术的推动下,组成大媒体业的各产业组织在经济利益和社会需求的驱动下通过合作、并购和整合等手段,实现不同媒介形态的内容融合、传播渠道融合和媒介终端融合的过程。彭兰则从新闻媒体运作的角度,将媒介融合分为四个层次:业务形态融合、市场融合、载体融合以及机构融合。综合而言,媒介融合是指各种媒介形态的边界逐渐消融,多功能复合型媒介逐渐占据优势的过程和趋势。1、媒介融合的概念对于大众而言,媒介融合的一个结果就是,任何人可以在任何地方通过无处不在的网络获取各自所需的服务。狭义的媒介融合是不同形态的媒介相互“叠加”和“融合”,产生新的媒介形态。广义的媒介融合不仅包括媒介形态融合,还包括媒介功能、媒介技术、媒介组织、所有权等所有媒介要素的整合与互融,是生产、发布、接收、消费等媒介产业各个层面的融合。媒介融合是过程不是结果。媒介融合是互补不是取代。2、媒介融合的三大诱因——技术诱因媒介融合的根本原因是数字技术的成熟。数字技术被广泛用于媒介内容的制作、接收和传输。2、媒介融合的三大诱因——经济诱因盈利是媒介产业发展的动力,媒介融合促进了传媒产业效益的提高。媒介融合有赖于以下经济规律的刺激:①规模化生产;②分工、合作与专业化。2、媒介融合的三大诱因——市场诱因受众的信息需求是推动媒介融合的重要因素。如今,受众已经习惯了多媒体时代大量信息集成、具有交互性和实时性的媒介产品,单一媒介的信息表现形式已经不能满足受众需求。3、媒介融合的主要形式——内容融合内容融合包括由融合性生产所带来的内容生产融合、内容形态融合和内容应用融合。3、媒介融合的主要形式——网络融合网络融合,即三网融合,是在技术层面上电信网、广播电视网和互联网三者之间互相兼容和渗透,使得各种信息可以通过统一的网络进行传输和接收;业务上相互交叉,出现跨网业务。3、媒介融合的主要形式——终端融合终端融合指的是硬件产品的融合,即电信(Communication)、计算机(Computer)和消费类电子产品(ConsumerElectronic)的“3C融合”,其目的是适应消费者随时随地获取海量多媒体融合内容的需要。4、媒介融合实践自20世纪90年代以来,南方报业实施“龙生龙,凤生凤”的多品牌发展战略,密集打造了一系列知名品牌媒体。4、媒介融合实践ThankYou!感谢聆听!《网络与新媒体概论》?精品课件合集网络与新媒体概论第一章绪论网络与新媒体概论第六章互联网条件下的新闻生产

Third, the concept of media integration, the concept of media integration, the three main triggers for media integration, (1) the technology for technology, (3) the market for technology, (3) the main forms of media integration, (1) the content integration of media, (2) the network integration, (3) the concept of media integration,4, the practice of media integration, 1978, the new media pioneer Nicolas Negroponte, defined media integration as “confluence of technologies and media forms”. In 1983, professors of communication scholars of the United States, Ichiel-Sol-Pol of the Massachusetts State Institute of Technology, (2) the technology for technology for all media, (3) the market for technology for all media, (3) the “mutual integration” of media, the “mutual integration” of media, the “mutual integration” of media, the integration of media, the integration of the media, the integration of the media, the integration of the media, the integration of the Internet, the integration of the technologies and the integration of the technologies, the integration of the media, the integration of the technologies and the integration of the technologies, the integration of the media, the integration of the technologies, the integration of the technologies, the integration of the technologies, the integration of the technologies, the integration of the production of the production of the technologies, the production of the production of the technologies, the production of the production of the production of the production of the production of the production of the media.

目录一、新闻生产的新场域二、新闻生产的新模式三、新闻生产的流程再造社会媒体或自媒体生产的新闻通过各种传播渠道散播在互联网上,传统意义上的“固态”新闻文本也呈现“液态化”,消费者可以方便快捷地各取所需,同时也培养了新的新闻消费习惯,新闻生产方式的多元化局面正在逐步形成。在互联网新场域下,公众的共同兴趣没有变,新闻仍然固守着内容的真实、真情、真相;新闻报道在追求速度、广度、深度的突破之时,依然遵循着公开、公平、公正的原则。

Catalogue I, the new field of news production, the new model of news production, the process of re-creation of news production social media or information produced by self-media are distributed on the Internet through various channels of communication. Traditional “solid” news texts are also “liquidized” in the sense that consumers can easily and quickly acquire what they need, while at the same time developing new journalistic and consumeric habits and diversifying the way in which news production is produced. In the new field of the Internet, public interest has not changed, and news is still based on the truth, truth, truth, and truth of its content; and news reports continue to be based on the principles of openness, fairness and justice in their quest for rapid, wide and deep breakthroughs.

一、新闻生产的新场域(一)新闻生产新闻生产是指新近变动的事实经过加工形成新闻作品的过程。主要包括两层含义:一是指事实需要经过采写、编辑、发表等业务流程,这是新闻专业组织制造的过程及结果;二是指新闻生产者通过有意识的加工赋予新闻事实以意义从而建构了社会现实。一系列对新闻组织的参与观察研究都证明新闻生产受媒介组织内部特定的生产逻辑与组织外部的各种社会因素左右,其中必须权衡的主要因素有新闻语境和新闻场域两大部分。新闻语境是在特定的空间、特定的时间、特定的条件下从事新闻生产的环境,包括专业标准、国内国际形势、国家制度法规等;新闻场域则包括各级决策者、媒体性质定位及市场等。

(i) The new field of news production (i) The production of news production refers to the process of producing news products through the processing of newly changed facts. There are two main dimensions: first, the fact that it requires a business process of writing, editing, publishing, etc., which is the result of a professional organization of news; second, the fact that news producers construct social realities by consciously giving news facts meaning through a process of processing. A series of participatory observation studies of news organizations have demonstrated that news production is governed by specific production logics within media organizations and social factors outside the organization, the main factors to be weighed are the press language and the media domain. The press context is an environment in which news production takes place in a given space, at a given time, under specific conditions, including professional standards, the domestic and international situation, national institutional regulations, etc. The press field includes decision-makers at all levels, the nature of the media and the market.

一、新闻生产的新场域(一)新闻生产盖伊·塔奇曼(GayeTuchman)用“框架”取景的比喻来解释新闻生产的选择性与新闻作品最终呈现于大庭广众的人为可能性。“新闻是人们了解世界的窗口。……窗口展示的视野取决于窗口的大小、窗格的多少、窗玻璃的明暗以及窗户的朝向是迎着街面还是对着后院。这个视野还取决于视点的位置,比如是远点还是近点,是歪着脖子看还是脑袋向前伸展,或者是侧着身使眼睛跟开窗的这面墙平行。”——[美]盖伊·塔奇曼《做新闻》

First, the new field of news production (i) the media production of GayeTuchman uses a “framework” metaphor to explain the selectiveness of news production and the possibility that news production will eventually appear in the public domain. “The news is the window where people know the world. The vision displayed by the window depends on the size of the window, the size of the window, the darkness of the window and the direction of the window towards the street or towards the backyard.

一、新闻生产的新场域(二)新闻场域场域是法国学者皮埃尔·布尔迪厄(PierreBourdieu)提出的一个新闻社会学研究范式,“一个场域可以被定义为各个位置之间存在的客观关系的一个网络,或一个构型。”场域理论是一种有关社会位置关系的构架,“新闻场域”是结构的和充满了不同力量对抗的动态空间。

The new field of news production (ii) is a paradigm for journalistic sociological research proposed by the French scholar Pierre Bourdieu, “a field can be defined as a network or a configuration of objective relationships between locations.” The field theory is a framework for social location relations, and the “news field” is a dynamic space of structure and confrontation with different forces.

一、新闻生产的新场域(二)新闻场域“一个有结构的社会空间,一个实力场有统治者和被统治者,有在此空间起作用的恒定、持久的不平等的关系,同时也是一个为改变或保存这一实力场而进行斗争的战场。”布尔迪厄以构成新闻场域结构的整个客观的实力对比关系为思考基点,在对电视媒体的幕后预先审查筛选及电视话语的炮制等分析中,提出需要进一步弄清新闻工作者的实践活动机制。他从收视率的判断标准揭示电视新闻场是一个被经济场通过收视率加以控制的场,电视新闻场中的不平等关系被掩盖起来,并通过各种方式加强与其他场域之间的关系。

I. The new field of news production (ii) “a structured social space, a power field with rulers and rulers, a constant, persistent relationship of inequality that works in this space, as well as a battleground in the struggle to change or preserve this power field.” In his analysis of the background of the television media, pre-screening screening and the typography of television discourse, for example, has suggested the need for further clarification of the practical mechanisms of journalistic activity. From the criteria of the ratings, he has revealed that the field of television news is a field controlled by the economy through the ratings rate, that unequal relations in television news fields are hidden and that relations with other domains are strengthened in various ways.

一、新闻生产的新场域(三)传统媒体新闻生产场域新闻生产的场域是在新闻生产过程中,新闻生产者与社会方方面面的客观关系,是社会各种力量之间博弈的场所。新闻生产的直接和间接相关的影响因素隐喻了新闻生产背后的权力关系。有三组关系在传统媒体环境下产生着决定性影响,分别是:政府、社会与媒体,资本、公众与媒体,政府、媒体与记者编辑。

I. The new field of journalism production (iii) is the field of traditional media production, where the objective relationship between the producer and the various aspects of the society is a place of social play in the production of news. The direct and indirect influences of news production imply the power relationship behind the production of news. Three sets of relationships have a decisive impact in the traditional media environment: government, society and media, capital, the public and the media, government, media and journalist editors.

一、新闻生产的新场域(三)传统媒体新闻生产场域——政府、社会与媒体坚持新闻工作的党性原则,服从党的领导,宣传党方针政策是中国媒体基本职责。维护社会利益格局,维护受众意见的公开表达意见和维护他们的正常利益。

i. New areas of news production (iii) traditional media production sites — the Government, society and the media adhere to the party principles of journalism, submit to party leadership, and disseminate the party's guidelines and policies as a basic responsibility of the Chinese media. It is the basic responsibility of the Chinese media to safeguard the social interest pattern, to defend the public opinion of the audience and to defend their normal interests.

一、新闻生产的新场域(三)传统媒体新闻生产场域——资本、公众与媒体运行逻辑:媒体向社会提供内容,吸引广大受众(用户),从而吸引广告商来投放广告,媒体依靠广告收入来获取利润。而广告投放的数量和价格是以媒体受众的数量和质量来权衡的。受众数量以报纸发行量、广播电视的收听率、收视率来衡量。公共性要求:媒体必须承担起社会责任,必须满足公众的知情权,向公众提供真实严肃的新闻,并对此作出合理解释。主流媒体更要把社会效益放在首位。为了竞争胜出,把受众当作消费者,取悦受众,大量提供娱乐内容,甚至严肃内容加以娱乐包装,不惜牺牲新闻真实要求,夸大、扭曲、肆意炒作、造谣。媒体为谁服务?为公众、为资本、还是为自身?媒体每天需要思考的问题。

The number and prices of advertisements are measured by the number and quality of the audience. The number of audiences is measured by the number of newspapers distributed, the number of radio and television listeners and the number of viewers. Publicity demands: the media must assume social responsibility, meet the public's right to be informed, provide real and serious news to the public, and explain it rationally. The mainstream media must give top priority to the benefits of society. For the sake of competition, treat the audience as a consumer, please the audience, provide entertainment content, or even package it seriously, at the expense of the real demands of the news, exaggerate, distort, brash and disinformation.

一、新闻生产的新场域(三)传统媒体新闻生产场域——政府、媒体与记者编辑政府、媒体、记者编辑都各有自身的目标、意志、利益,这势必形成三方博弈。记者编辑在新闻生产过程面对着来自方方面面的压力。可以说,新闻生产是一个错综复杂的关系处理过程,新闻产品是各种力量博弈的产物。

I. The new field of news production (iii) traditional media production – the government, the media and the editors of journalists – each has its own goals, will, and interests – inevitably creates a three-way game. Journalists’ editors face pressure from all sides in the news production process.

一、新闻生产的新场域(四)互联网新闻生产新场域最大的改变是“用户”新变量的加入。在互联网新场域中,“去中心化”的网络特点使话语权更多地向“用户”转移,“用户”开始粉墨登场,重要性与日俱增。从受众到用户转移带来的最大变化主要有两个方面:①媒体与受众互动关系的增强;②受众开始运用新媒体手段打破传统专业媒体机构对新闻生产的垄断。

The most significant changes in the new domain of news production (iv) are the addition of new “user” variables. In the new domain of the Internet, “decentralized” web features allow for a greater shift in voice rights to “user” and the growing importance of “user” in the beginning. The most significant changes brought about by the shift from audience to user are mainly two aspects: (i) increased media interaction with audience; and (ii) audiences began to use new media tools to break the monopoly of traditional professional media institutions on news production.

二、新闻生产的新模式1.UGC新闻模式“用户生产内容”,指受众通过互联网(含移动网络),以文字、图片、影像等形式制作发布资讯和观点等内容。

ii. The new mode of news production 1. UGC news mode, “Users produce content”, refers to content such as information and ideas produced by the audience through the Internet (including mobile networks) in the form of text, pictures, images, etc.

二、新闻生产的新模式1.UGC新闻模式优势:降低采编成本;利用UGC对内容进行筛选与优化、组织和整理,使其成为可利用的优质内容;增强体验感与媒体黏度,吸纳UGC用户,能带给传统媒体亲和力;在UGC内容的生成与上传的整个环节中,用户本身已经参与了平台的搭建过程,如用户的订阅、浏览、收藏、评论等行为,实际上帮助了其他用户选择内容并提供更好的呈现方式。

II. The advantages of the new mode of news production 1. UGC news model are: to reduce the cost of editing; to use UGC to screen and optimize, organize and collate content to make it a high-quality content available; to enhance exposure and media stickyness, including UGC users, which can bring goodwill and strength to traditional media; and, throughout the generation and uploading of UGC content, the user itself has been involved in the platform's build-up process, such as user Subscriptions, browsing, collections, reviews, etc., which has actually helped other users to select content and provide better presentation.

二、新闻生产的新模式1.UGC新闻模式不足:用户生产的优质内容相对少,信息多为零散的碎片状;虽然受众参与传播的热情高,但缺乏遴选和“把关”,信息的真实性、客观公正性与导向性缺乏,有些言论明显不妥;用户生产者未经专业训练,综合素质等方面存在不足等。

II. The new model of news production 1. The UGC news model is inadequate: users produce relatively few high-quality content and fragmentary forms of information; while the audience is highly involved in communication, there is a lack of selection and “closing”, there is a lack of authenticity, objective impartiality and orientation of information, and some statements are clearly inappropriate; and there are deficiencies in the quality and quality of user producers without professional training.

二、新闻生产的新模式2.众包新闻模式众包指的是一个公司或机构把过去由员工执行的工作任务,以自由自愿的形式外包给非特定的大众网络的做法。

The new model of news production, the crowdsourcing model, refers to the practice of a company or institution of outsourcing, on a voluntary basis, tasks previously performed by its staff to non-specific public networks.

二、新闻生产的新模式2.众包新闻模式维基百科成重要众包新闻来源。面对突发事件,“匿名编辑”更新新闻,不断补充内容,三至四个小时就可以完成一条基本完整的突发新闻报道,而且其细节的翔实程度有时远远超过专业新闻媒体。

In the event of an emergency, the “faceless editor” updates the news and updates it on a continuous basis so that three to four hours can complete an essentially complete breaking news story, the details of which are sometimes far more detailed than the professional news media.

二、新闻生产的新模式2.众包新闻模式2015年10月,“新闻众筹”首次出现在南都珠海读本。新闻主题为“探访珠海公共WiFi”,众筹目标为500元,众筹结果为580元,完成度116%。参与众筹的用户获得了一份详尽的公共WiFi地图宝典和众筹分红。

In October 2015, for the first time, the popular news campaign appeared in the South Pearl Sea. The topic of the news was “A visit to the public WiFi in Joohai,” with a target of $500, and the results were $580, or 116%.

二、新闻生产的新模式3.“迭代新闻”模式迭代新闻(IterativeJournalism)由美国学者保罗·布拉德肖(PaulBradshaw)提出,他认为这是21世纪新闻生产的一种新旧媒体相结合的比较理想的模式。有国内学者将这种兼及速度与深度的新闻生产模式称为“钻石模型”。迭代新闻模式展现的报道流程是以互联网为核心平台进行的新闻生产。专业人员与用户进行广泛深入的互动。在快速迭代过程中,逐渐逼近事件真相,满足受众对新闻深度的要求。这一模式反映了网络媒介环境的巨大变化:新闻从静态的“产品”变成了动态的“过程”。部分取代了线性“瀑布流水式”的太过理想化的模式。迭代新闻生产在迭代过程中完善满足用户参与定制的信息需求。新闻从快到深分成快讯、初稿、报道、背景、分析、互动和定制七个阶段。

II. The new model for news production, 3. The “interactive news” model, presented by American scholar Paul Bradshaw, is an ideal model for combining new and old media production in the twenty-first century. Some national scholars call this combination of speed and depth of news production a “diamond model.” The reporting process presented by the iterative news model is the Internet as a central platform for news production. Professionals interact extensively with users.

二、新闻生产的新模式3.“迭代新闻”模式传统媒体的专业记者通过互联网实时观测社会性媒体的举动,发现有价值的新闻线索,立刻深入采访,综合完善成有深度的新闻稿,反馈到社会性媒体上,使专业新闻生产与社会媒体及消费者循环互动,使新闻兼具深度和多元视角。

II. The new model of news production 3. Professional journalists from the traditional media of the “interpretation news” model observe the behaviour of social media in real time via the Internet, discover valuable news threads, conduct immediate in-depth interviews, synthesize in depth press releases, feed back into social media, and interact with social media and consumer circles to give news both an in-depth and a multifaceted perspective.

二、新闻生产的新模式4.融合新闻模式融合新闻(ConvergenceJournalism)模式是新旧媒体进行跨平台合作向目标受众进行新闻传播的一种创新性的新闻报道模式。也有许多人将其等同于多媒体新闻(MultimediaJournalism),即一种以互联网为平台,融合了文字、图片、视频等多媒体报道手段的新兴新闻报道方式。《纽约时报》的数字化专题报道SnowFall(雪崩)(看原始链接需翻墙)赚足了眼球,通过创新式的多媒体报道方式大获成功:创造了350万浏览量。

ii. The new model of news production 4. Integration of the news model with news (Conversence Journalism) is an innovative news reporting model for new and old media to work across platforms to disseminate news to target audiences. There are also many who equate it with multimedia news (Multimedia Journalism), an emerging way of news reporting using the Internet as a platform that combines text, pictures, videos, and other media outlets.

三、新闻生产流程再造“后福特制”生产组织方式:“持续创新+敏捷制造”和“专业化+网络化”1、传统媒体的新闻生产流程之变(1)报纸通讯社新闻生产流程之变(2)广播电视新闻生产流程之变2、新闻生产流程再造的关键点与具体步骤(1)观念更新与流程再造(2)全员参与与上下沟通(3)统筹管理与机动应对1、传统媒体的新闻生产流程之变(1)报纸通讯社新闻生产流程之变传统纸质媒体新闻生产流程——线性结构发布加工采集反馈《每日电讯报》的编辑部新闻生产日常工作流程图1、传统媒体的新闻生产流程之变(2)广播电视新闻生产流程之变美国之音广播,充分利用信息资源,把可上网文字、语音、声像节目全都搬上网站,从而扩展广播内容传播的距离和广度。同时美国之音网站大力推动网民去收听收看美国之音的广播电视。英文网设置的Broadcasts、Programs栏,中文网设置“现场直播”栏,都起到这样的作用,而且还提供详细的节目时刻表,提供具体的接收指导。在中文网的“最新节目预告”栏里,有关于接收VOA卫星电视节目细致周到的服务内容。1、传统媒体的新闻生产流程之变(2)广播电视新闻生产流程之变传统电视新闻制作的流程呈线性结构,电视新闻的流程变革,使新闻工作者将资讯、传播、出版、通信和电视融为一体,使新闻生产呈扁平化。特别是与自媒体的互动,是新闻生产流程再造的重点。传统电视新闻前期、后期拍摄制作工作流程图1、传统媒体的新闻生产流程之变(2)广播电视新闻生产流程之变CNN开设“采写任务组”,根据当日的新闻热点及用户个人兴趣选择话题,在首页用醒目的版面显示出来,用户一旦打开iReport,能够抓住“眼球”的话题立马得到关注,鼓励对话题感兴趣或是刚好处在新闻事件现场的用户立刻上传自己制作的新闻报道。编辑们会在报道之后,利用博文对新闻点进行总结,引导受众关注当日的重大新闻事件。通过对新闻与信息的高效整合和用户自制的新闻,传统媒体也完善了自己的报道。比如CNN在关于飓风“艾琳”的电视新闻报道中,很大一部分影像资料都是身处飓风灾害区的广大用户拍摄并上传的。2、新闻生产流程再造的关键点与具体步骤新的新闻生产模式基本是对传统新闻采编流程的整合与重构,将传统媒体新闻采集与制作的线性流程逐渐演变成在一个信息操作平台上,集中多种媒体,进行资源共享并采纳自媒体内容,按需制作成不同的新闻产品,是根据用户特点传播的非线性、立体化的新闻生产流程。新流程再造过程中的两个关键点是:新闻传播主体的演变和新闻源的综合开发。前者是指职业新闻从业者从一家独大转变为与用户合作共享。后者是指新闻信源渠道多元与新闻信息资源的优化配置。2、新闻生产流程再造的关键点与具体步骤(1)观念更新与流程再造更新思维观念是第一位。新闻生产流程再造是传统媒体以最低成本获取最高效度的自我更新之道,流程再造过程强调承续性、兼容性、创新性。网络电视能轻而易举扩展和深化新闻内涵的表达空间,弹性实现新闻在线直播、新闻检索和链接,文字、音视频结合,使报道产生全方位、多层次、立体化的传播效果。2、新闻生产流程再造的关键点与具体步骤(2)全员参与与上下沟通新闻制作需要团体协作、上下沟通,特别是遇到重大和突发新闻,可分门别类梳理,遵章办事,有条不紊。互联网技术可为采编内部沟通提供网络平台,让采编实现同步交流。业务的沟通交流甚至可以越过科层,进行扁平化操作。2、新闻生产流程再造的关键点与具体步骤(3)统筹管理与机动应对互联网环境下,信息源的丰富提供了开掘新的新闻价值的可能;互动传播改写了用户和编辑之间的对话与沟通的时空界限,移动终端使新闻生产的时间被进一步压缩,新闻报道成为一种进行时……在如此高压的状态下,如何保证新闻的质量和传播效果,是对媒体现有的新闻生产流程与机制的挑战。媒体机构和媒体人必须改变由管理造成的隔离局面,快速地进行新闻的发现、判断与传播,一体化、整合性地加以完善。ThankYou!感谢聆听!《网络与新媒体概论》?精品课件合集网络与新媒体概论第一章绪论网络与新媒体概论第七章网络媒体的新闻制作任何媒体:公开、公正、公平;速度、广度、深度;真实、真相、真情。另网络媒体:更快、更真、更广。

iii. The “post-Fut” production organization of the news production process is re-engineered by “Continued Innovation + Agility Manufacturing” and “Natural + Networking” of the news production process of the traditional media (1) The transformation of the news production process of the newspaper news agency (2) The transformation of the news production process of the radio and television (2) Key points and concrete steps (1) The re-engineering of the news production process (1) The re-engineering of ideas and process (2) The entire team is involved in the integration of the management and mobility of the traditional media1 and the transformation of the news production process of the traditional media (1) The news production process of the newspaper news agency to the traditional paper production process of the news site of the news site of the news site of the news site of the news site of the news site of the United States of the United States of America, the production of news items of the news and television of the Internet of the United States of America, the production of news items of the news and of the news of the news of the news of the United States of the United States of America (2) The news stream of the news and of the news of the news of the news of the Internet of the United States of the United States of the United States of the United States of the United States of the United States of the United States of the United States of the United States of the United States of the United States of the United States of the United Nations, the United States of the United States of America, the United States of the United States of the United States of the United States of the United States of the United States of the United States of the United States of the United States of America, the United States of the United States of the United States of the United States of the United States, the United States of the United States of the United States of the United States of the United States of the United States of the United States of the United States of the United States of the United States of America, the United States of the United States of the United States of the United States of the United States of the United States of the United States of the United States of the United States of the United States of the United States of the United States of the United States of the United States of the United States of the United States of the United States of America, the United States of the United States of the United States of the United States of the United States of the United

新闻报道基本要求

Basic requirements for press coverage

目录一、网络媒体新闻报道的探索和特点二、互动的动态新闻三、数据新闻和可视化表达四、网络现场图片和网络现场直播视频

Catalogue I, Exploration and Characteristics of Web Media News II, Interactive Dynamic News III, Data News and Visual Expression IV, Web Live Pictures and Live Webcast Videos

一、网络媒体新闻报道的探索和特点1.任何“新”媒体都是融合媒体。媒介手段内容报纸融合了文字、图片(画作与照片),构成图文并茂。融合了新闻、评论、广告与文学作品(诗歌、散文、戏剧、小说等)。广播融合了文字与声音,构成声情并茂。融合了新闻和各类音乐、曲艺作品。电视融合了活动影像与报纸、广播,构成声画并茂,是更高层次上的融合媒体。融合了新闻、影视作品、综艺等。互联网融合(或聚合)了传统媒体(报纸、广播、电视)的一切手段。涵盖了海量的内容和功能,如人们可以聊天、看视频、购物、游戏等。

1. Any “new” media is integrated into the media. Media content newspapers integrate text, pictures (pictures and photographs) and make up pictures. News, reviews, advertisements and literary works (poetry, essays, drama, novels, etc.). Broadcasting integrates words and voices, forming sound. News and music, and music. Television integrates campaign images with newspapers, radios, graphics, and the media at a higher level. News, visual works, art, etc. are integrated. The Internet integrates (or aggregates) all the means of traditional media (newspapers, radio, television, etc.). The content and functions of the sea are covered, such as the ability of people to talk, see video, shopping, games, etc.

一、网络媒体新闻报道的探索和特点2.任何“新”媒体的新闻报道都在不断探索中才形成适合自身的报道样式,而报道样式的定型也标志着该媒体的成熟。报纸倒金字塔的客观报道和解释性新闻电台短平快的新闻和现场报道(声音)电视台主持人节目、现场直播互联网动态新闻、数据新闻、网络直播各类媒体的报道样式

I. Explorations and features of online media coverage 2. News stories in any “new” media are constantly being explored to form their own style of reporting, and the stereotyping of the style of coverage also marks the maturity of the media. The objective coverage of the paper inverted pyramids and the quick news and live coverage of TV hosts, live live live live news on the Internet, data news, live coverage of all types of media

一、网络媒体新闻报道的探索和特点与传统媒体相比,网络媒体的新闻报道呈现以下特点:即时互动。网民可以随时随地对新闻发表自己的意见。网民反馈的数量和质量反映了新闻的价值,被媒体人戏称为“不怕网民反对,只怕没

The number and quality of online feedback reflect the value of the news, and it is called the media play “no one is afraid of the Internet, but no one is afraid of it.”

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