今天巨推学院{www.jutuiedu.com}小马和大家说收区块链到底该怎么玩？未来能用在哪一方面？
Today's pony {www.jutuiedu.com} tells everyone how to play with the block chain. On which side can the future be used?
很多人都已经从技术的角度解释了区块链技术的原理和一些技术细节，
Many have explained the rationale and some technical details of block chain technology from a technical point of view.
巨推链{www.jutuilian.com}的相关老师还给出了非常酷炫的截图。不过这些对普通人来说不重要。就像现在用互联网技术刷知乎的各位，并不需要懂TCP/IP协议一样。如果要弄个微信公众号卖毒面膜，或者网络直播卖笑，对于底层技术一无所知也不影响使用的。
The {www.jutulilian.com} teacher also gave a really cool screenshot. But it doesn't matter to ordinary people. As you now know with Internet technology, you don't need to understand the TCP/IP protocol. If you want to get a microficent public to sell a toxic mask, or if you laugh online, you don't know anything about bottom technology.
一句话巨推学院{www.jutuiedu.com}的老师给过小马一个概括，如果互联网技术解决的是通讯问题的话，区块链技术解决的是信任问题
The teacher at the Giant Institute {www.jutuiedu.com} gave the pony an overview. If Internet technology solves a communication problem, block chain technology solves a trust problem.
学习区块链的第一大困惑是：“学这个我不懂编程怎么办？”，确实，作为一个程序员设计的融合了多种技术理念的东西，懂点编程总是好的。不过，对于大部分人来讲，了解其基本原理，知道如何应用，或许也就足够了。
The first puzzle in the learning block chain is: "What am I supposed to do with this? " Indeed, as a programmer, it is always good to have a bit of programming that combines a variety of technical ideas. But, for most people, it may be enough to know the basics and how to apply them.
那么，对于很多想参与区块链编程的人怎么办呢？更何况，还有非常多的一部分人，希望通过区块链技术找到一份高薪的工作，这可能吗？
So, what about many people who want to be involved in block chain programming? Besides, there are a lot of people who want to get a high-paying job through block chain technology. Is that possible?
只要肯做，当然可能！
If you're willing to do it, of course it's possible!
如果你是一个小白，但已经有兴趣想要了解一下区块链，那么首先需要做的是理清一下头绪。否则一头扎进与区块链有关的各种书籍、论坛、网站、APP、交易所、知乎……会在很长的时间内无所适从，一脸懵逼。
If you're a white man, but you're interested in learning about the block chain, what needs to be done first is to figure out what to do. Otherwise, you have to put your head in the books, forums, websites, APPs, exchanges, knowing that you're going to be out of order for a very long time.
（1）. 在区块链的世界，“日新月异”四个字是一个写实的描述，而不是形容词，每 天都有新的技术、信息涌过来；
(1) In the world of the block chain, the word “new and new” is a factual description, not an adjective, with new technologies and information pouring in every day;
（2）. 由于“快、新”，信息难免碎片化，没有系统的学习材料；
(2) No systematic learning materials are available because of “fast, new” fragmentation of information;
（3）. 有很多的技术贯穿其中，如果没有合理的学习顺序，难免会感到晦涩。
(3) There are many technologies that cut across it, and without a reasonable learning sequence, it is inevitable that there will be confusion.
不论是有没有技术经验的，都可以从以下几个方面去了解区块链：
The chain of blocks, whether with or without technical experience, can be understood in the following ways:
（1）、网络通信方面，目前的区块链主要涉及无结构化的点对点通信（P2P）；未来不排除会在联盟链中衍生为结构化的P2P通信。点对点通信其实是建立起一条虚拟链路，底层对应的物理链路可能随着网络时延抖动的变化（与网络状况、区块大小、区块中交易数量等因素有关）而改变相应的路径。因此，建议夯实网络通信的基础知识。
(1) In terms of network communications, the current block chain is mainly concerned with unstructured point-to-point communications (P2Ps); the future does not exclude structured P2P communications that will be derived from the chain of alliances. Point-to-point communications are in fact a virtual link, and the underlying physical links of the bottom counterpart may change their path as the network continues to vibrate (linked to factors such as network status, block size, volume of transactions in blocks, etc.). It is therefore recommended that the basic knowledge of network communications be consolidated.
（2）、数据存储方面，以前的数据存储方式很多都是基于面向高吞吐量的键值数据库（例如levelDB、rocksDB），现在随着区块链技术的发展，传统的关系型数据库（例如Mysql、Oracle）也可以成为存储介质，甚至有的公司开始使用大数据平台（Hadoop+Habse）来构建底层的存储机制。下一代分布式版本文件系统（IPFS）也是一个需要跟踪的重要方向；
(2) In terms of data storage, many of the previous data storage methods were based on key databases for high throughput (e.g. levelDB, rocksDB), and as block chain technology develops, traditional relationship databases (e.g. Mysql, Oracle) can also become storage media, and even companies have started to use the big data platform (Hadoop+Habse) to construct bottom storage mechanisms. The next generation distributed version of the file system (IPFS) is also an important direction that needs to be tracked;
（3）、加密技术方面，主要需要了解哈希函数和非对称加密的基本原理和数字签名的运行机制，更重要的，目前金融系统中使用的都是国密算法，与区块链技术对应SM2、SM3和SM9国密算法需要重点了解；
(3) With regard to encryption technology, there is a major need to understand the basics of the Hashi function and non-symmetric encryption and the operational mechanisms of digital signatures, and, more importantly, the current use of national secret algorithms in the financial system and the need to focus on SM2, SM3 and SM9 algorithms in relation to block chain technology;
（4）、共识机制方面，最开始流行的是可信任环境中分布式系统的共识机制（例如PaxOS和Raft），主要涉及CAP理论，在保留分区容错性（Partition tolerance）的基础上，数据最终一致性（Consistency）和系统可用性（Availability）之间会存在一个权衡。区块链技术主要强调的是，在一个“去信任”环境中的共识机制，包括比特币的工作量证明机制（PoW）、点点币的权益证明机制（PoS）、比特股的股份授权证明机制（DPoS），以及后期发展的实用拜占庭容错算法（PBFT）和相关共识算法的持续演进，需要一个长期的跟踪和实践。
(4) With regard to consensus mechanisms, the most popular are consensus mechanisms for distributed systems in a trustable environment (e.g. PaxOS and Raft), mainly related to the CAP theory, where there is a trade-off between final consistency of data (consistency) and availability of systems (Availability) based on the preservation of partition tolerance tolerance. Block chain technology focuses on the need for long-term follow-up and practice in a “go trust” environment, including a workload proof mechanism (PoW), a point-in-the-point equity proof mechanism (PoS), a share authorization mechanism (DPoS) for the Bit Unit, and the continued evolution of the functional Byzantine error algorithm (PBFT) and related consensus algorithms developed at a later stage.
（5）、隐私保护，区块链本身就是基于非对称加密的安全通信。但是，可以根据交易末尾的“特定数字”查询到相应的交易关系，通过核心路由器的路由表、网卡的物理地址（MAC地址）和手机的国际移动设备识别码（IMEI号）等信息追踪交易者的身份信息，破解基于洋葱路由（Tor）的暗网对信息的隐藏。后来，逐步出现基于环签名的门罗币（Monero）、基于零知识证明的ZCash和同态加密技术。不论是环签名、零知识证明，还是同态加密技术，都有些艰深晦涩，属于一个较大的门类。一般来说，掌握了隐私保护技术，也算是一个区块链专家了。
(5) Privacy protection, the block chain itself is a secure communication based on asymmetric encryption. However, the corresponding transactional relationship can be traced according to the “specific number” at the end of the transaction. There is some difficulty in tracking the identity of the dealer through information such as the route chart of the core router, the physical address of the Internet card (MAC address) and the international mobile device identification code (IMEI) of the mobile phone, and in defusing the covert network based on the onion route (Tor).
（6）、安全技术，主要涉及私钥安全，如何产生私钥的保密算法或者基于身份的新私钥生成算法，后期还要跟踪研究智能合约的安全性，以太坊区块链会遭受的脆弱性攻击。智能合约的安全性可能还需要熟悉相应的编译原理和虚拟化等技术。
(6) Security technologies, mainly related to the security of private keys, how to generate private key secret algorithms or identity-based new private key generation algorithms, and later follow-up on the security of smart contracts, which may be vulnerable to attacks on the Tehwan block chain. The security of smart contracts may also need to be familiar with the corresponding compilation principles and virtualization techniques.
（7）、跨链技术，是指不同结构、不同类型的区块链互联互通的一种技术。业界中比较出名的是波卡链（Polkadot链）和宇宙链（COSMOS），属于面向异构区块链的跨链技术代表。跨链技术可以分为以区块链自身作为消息传递媒介的波卡链（Polkadot链），通过账本间连接者传递通信消息的瑞波Interledger协议和通过状态通道及路由来支持跨链通信的Aeternity等多个子类。
(vii) Cross-chain technology, which refers to a technology of interconnectivity between different structures and different types of block chains. The industry is well known as the Polkadot (Polkadot) and Cosmos (COSMOS) chains, which are representative of cross-chain technology directed at the isomer block chains. Cross-chain technology can be divided into subcategories such as the Polkadot (Polkadot) chain, which uses the block chain itself as a medium for transmitting messages, the Ripo Interledger protocol, which transmits communications through the inter-book connector, and Aeternity, which supports cross-linkage through the status channel and route route.
（8）、链下技术方面，如果区块链的每笔交易都在链上完成，性能可能是区块链系统的一大瓶颈。那么如何提升区块链系统的性能呢？以不采用数字签名验签的方式，在链下完成大批量的小额支付，是一个不错的发展方向，这种技术称之为链下技术（如果不好理解的话，就理解成离线批处理技术）。学习区块链的链下技术，可以重点关注比特币对应的闪电网络和以太坊对应的雷电网络。
(8) On the bottom-of-chain technology, if every transaction in the block chain is done on the chain, performance may be a major bottleneck in the block chain system. How can the performance of the block-chain system be enhanced? It is a good development to complete a large amount of small payments under the chain without digital signature, which is referred to as the bottom-of-chain technology (which, if not understood, is understood as the offline batch processing technology). Learning the bottom-of-block technology of the block chain can focus on the lightning grid in bitcoin and the thunder grid in the too-horizon.
（9）、关注一些衍生技术，例如单链和多链的结合，参考英国数字货币RSCoin；埃森哲推出的可编辑的区块链技术，颠覆无法篡改的本质（银行回滚需要）；IOTA推出的基于有向非循环图（DAG）的区块链技术（其实已经没有链的概念了）,开始摆脱区块链的传统定义，逐步向“分布式账本”技术靠拢。
(9) Focusing on derivative technologies such as single-chain and multi-chain combinations, reference is made to the British digital currency RSCoin; the editable block chain technology introduced by Eschenge to destabilize the unmanageable nature of the block chain (bank rollback needs); and IOTA's block-chain technology based on the non-cyclical map (de facto absence of the chain concept), which is starting to move away from the traditional definition of the block chain and towards the “distributed book” technology.
(10)、最最最重要的，区块链只是一门技术，真正的要完成区块链的学习，离不开专业垂直领域的深度学习，懂区块链只是懂个皮毛，懂行业+懂区块链才是真正的区块链专家。
(10) The most important of all, the block chain is just a technology that truly completes the learning of the block chain, which is independent of the depth of learning in the field of professional verticals, which understand only a fur, and the industry + knowledge of the block chain, which is the real block chain expert.
所以作为一个技术人员，不应当只看到了区块链所依赖的技术，更应该关注区块链以外的点和面，综合来看，区块链将会有趣得多。
As a technician, therefore, it is important not only to see the technology on which the block chain depends, but also to focus more on points and surfaces outside the block chain, which, taken together, will be much more interesting.
最后，小马给大家介绍一下我们巨推传媒旗下的巨推链：www.jutuilian.com，巨推链是巨推传媒旗下的资讯网站，里面有各路大咖讨论关于区块链的问题，还有巨推学院：www.jutuiedu.com，里面是各个讲师在里面的课程，也欢迎大家来看看。
Finally, the pony presents our huge push chain under the banner of the media: www.jutulilian.com, which is an information website under the banner of the mass media, which includes a wide range of questions about block chains, as well as a large push college: www.jutuiedu.com, which includes lecturers in its course, and would welcome you to take a look at it.
以上就是小马对于区块链的个人定义了，如果大家还有什么问题或者想和我探讨的可以加我的微信：15594963298，欢迎大家一起来谈论区块链。
That is the personal definition of the block chain by the ponies, and if there are any questions that you might like to discuss or I might add my message: 15594963,298, we would welcome you to join us in talking about the block chain.
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