比特币（英語：，缩写：BTC 或 XBT）是一種基於去中心化，採用點對點網路與共识主动性，開放原始碼，以區塊鏈作為底層技術的加密貨幣，比特币由中本聪（網名）（Satoshi Nakamoto）於2008年10月31日發表論文，2009年1月3日，創世區塊誕生。在某些國家、央行、政府機關、學術界則將比特幣視為虛擬商品，而不認為是貨幣。貨幣金融學認為貨幣具有交易媒介、記賬單位、價值儲藏三種基本職能，但由於其高度波動性因此不具有後兩種基本職能從而不是貨幣。
比特幣用戶端程式中常見的標識 Common Marks in Bitcoin Clients 捷克共和国布尔诺的比特币自動櫃員機。 Bitcoin . 有观点认为，比特币的问世是人们憎恨商品经济中国家主权货币超发、以及貨幣政策干預、嚮往礼物经济中社区共识货币自主的结果；比特币的汇率是全球投资者增加或者减少的反应；而比特币的底层技术区块链可應用在各行各业。 The view was expressed that xff0c; that the birth of Bitcoin was the result of people's hatred of the excessive national currency in the commodity economy, and of currency policy precipitous and community-consensual monetary autonomy in the gift economy xff1b; that the Bitcoin exchange rate was the response of global investors to increase or decrease xff1b; and that the bottom technology block chain of Bitcoin could be applied in a variety of industries. 通常，首字母大寫的「Bitcoin」是指其所使用的比特币技术與，而首字母小寫的「bitcoin」才是指貨幣本身。比特币也是区块链支付系統和虛擬計價工具，由於其採用密碼技術來控制貨幣的生產和轉移，而沒有中央的發行機構，無法任意增發，交易在全球网络中运行，有特殊的隱秘性，加上不必經過第三方金融機構，因此得到越来越广泛的应用，也成了非法交易的媒介。使用者利用個人電腦和智能手机中的加密錢包軟體，无需任何银行、信用卡、在线支付公司等中介机构，可随时随地在网络上直接交換物品、服務。?根据剑桥大学2017年的研究，全球有多达580万个加密钱包活跃用户，其中大多数使用比特币。同时，有观点认为，比特币技术得到了广泛的认可和使用，使人类迎来了区块链时代。 xff0c; the initial letter “Bitcoin” refers to the bitcoin technology used and xff0c; the initial letter “bitcoin” refers to the currency itself. Bitcoin is also payment system and virtual calculators ; xff0c; #xxx & & transfer of currency xffec; #xxx#s#sfffs; #ffffs #bffs; #ffffffffs #s; #sfffffffs #vets #bs.; tfffffffs #s.bs.bs.bs.bs.bs.bs.bs.bs. #s.fffffffs.bs.bs.bs.bs.bs.bs.bs. 作為記帳系統，比特幣不依赖中央機構發行新錢、維護交易，而是由区块链完成，用數位加密演算法、全网抵御51%算力攻击保證资产与交易的安全。交易記錄以被全體網路電腦收錄維護，每筆交易的有效性都必須經過区块链檢驗確認。 As a bookkeeping system & #xff0c; Bitcoin does not rely on central institutions to issue new money, maintain transactions & #xff0c; rather, it is done by block chains & #xff0c; the network resists 51% of the algorithms against assets and transactions. The transaction log is maintained by the entire network computer & #xff0c; the validity of each transaction has to be verified through a block chain check. 作為記帳單位，比特幣的最小單位是 0.00000001 （一億分之一）比特幣，稱為「1聰」。如有必要，也可以修改協議將其分割為更小的單位，以保證其流通方便，區塊回報每產出21萬個區塊減半一次，周期大約为4年，最近一次減半在2020年5月12日，而此種收斂等比數列的和必然是有限的。2018年4月，已经有1700万比特币被开采，剩余400万个比特币，产量已超总额的80%。2019年5月12日時，比特币總存量約17,695,512個，實際可流通的量還會因為私鑰遺失等因素更加減少。比特幣的總發行量達到1910萬，整個網絡的超過90%比特幣已經被開採完。截止到2140年，比特幣將被全部開採完毕，總額度略低于2100萬枚。 xff0c; the smallest unit for bitcoins is 0.000001 & #xff08; 100 million xff09; Bitcoin xff0c; called xff0c; if necessary xff0c; the agreement may also be amended to divide it into smaller units xff0c; to ensure ease of circulation xff0c; the block returns half of the 210,000 pieces per product xff0c; the remaining 4 million xff0c; the last half-time reduction is 80%; the last half is 12 May 2020 xff0c; the last half-time is limited; the share of the harvest xfffffffffffffffffn; the sum of fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffft.ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffft.t.t.t.t.t.t.t.t.t.t.t.t.t.ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffft.t.t.t.t.t.t.t.ffffffff 区块链（）是比特幣的一個重要概念，該概念在中本聰的白皮書中提出，區塊鏈是一串使用密碼學方法相關聯產生的資料塊（稱為“”，block）。新增的資料塊總能連結到上一個區塊，即整條區塊鏈的尾部。比特幣對等網路將所有的交易歷史都儲存在“區塊鏈”（blockchain）中，所以區塊鏈可以看作記錄著比特幣交易的帳本。區塊鏈是一群分散的用戶端節點，並由所有參與者組成的分散式資料庫，是對所有比特幣交易歷史的記錄。中本聰預計，當資料量增大之後，使用者端希望這些資料並不全部儲存自己的節點中。為了實現這一目標，他採用引入散列函數機制。這樣用戶端將能夠自動剔除掉那些自己永遠用不到的部分，比方說極為早期的一些比特幣交易記錄。中本聰創造了比特幣系統的第一個區塊，即「創世區塊」，並附有一句“”，而這句是當天泰晤士報的頭版文章標題。 確認一項交易的過程，是由解決一系列計算難題的工作量證明機制來實現的。工作量證明機制要求電腦的計算能力為某個有限值的情況下，需要運算一定的時間才能解決，這就使得攻擊者無法重寫、修改交易歷史，除非他能夠擁有相對比特幣對等網路系統更強大的計算能力，從而能以更快的速度產生區塊鏈（稱為"51%攻擊"）。工作量證明機制的難度由系統自動調節，所以新區塊的生成平均需時10分鐘。整個比特幣對等網路的節點都會自動檢測交易和區塊的有效性，並忽略任何違背規則的交易和區塊，比如那些產生錯誤數量的區塊，或多次發送同一份額比特幣的交易行為。 This makes it impossible for the aggressor to rewrite and modify the history of the transaction xff0c; unless he has the capacity to calculate more in relation to the Bit currency against the Internet system xff0c; if he has the ability to generate a chain at a faster rate xff08; if it is called 34; if it takes some time to calculate xff0c; if it takes time to calculate xff0c; unless he has the capacity to calculate more in relation to the Bit currency against the Internet system xff0c; unless he has the ability to generate a chain at a faster rate xff08; if it is called 34; 51% attack 34; xff09; if the workload proves the "B2" difficulty is made by the system xff08%; if the new block is generated, it takes an average of 10 minutes
參與處理區塊的用戶端可以得到一定量新發行的比特幣，以及相關的交易手續費。為了得到這些新產生的比特幣，參與處理區塊的使用者端需要付出大量的時間和計算力（為此社會有專業挖礦機替代電腦等其他低配的網路設備），這個過程非常類似於開採礦業資源，因此中本聰將資料處理者命名為“礦工”，將資料處理活動稱之為“挖礦”。這些新產生出來的比特幣可以報償系統中的資料處理者，他們的計算工作為比特幣對等網路的正常運作提供保障。 有鑑於此，其他類似競爭幣（）都是用了相同的理念去處理端間交易資料，只是在工作量證明機制上進行調整，如採用權益證明（Proof of Stake）和Scrypt演算法等。 Clients involved in the processing of blocks can receive a certain amount of newly released bitcoins & #xff0c; and related transaction fees. To get these newly generated bitcoins & #xff0c; users involved in the processing of blocks need to pay a great deal of time and calculus & #xff08; other low-cost network devices such as specialized diggers to replace computers in this society & #xff09; #xff0c; this process is very similar to the opening of mineral resources & xff0c; therefore, Binko has named the data processors “miners” & #xff0c; #xff08; #txff09; #kp & #0fffff; #kfffffffffff; #fffffffffffff; ; #kffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff;fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff;ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff........t.t.fffffffffffff.t.t.t..t.t.f.f.f.f.f.t.f.t.t.f.f. “比特幣讓人們第一次可以在網路上交易身家財產，而且是安全的，沒有人可以挑戰其合法性。” "Bit currency allows people for the first time to trade their own property on the Internet & #xff0c; it's safe #xff0c; no one can challenge its legitimacy." ——Marc Andreessen 比特幣錢包使用者可以檢查、儲存、花費其持有的比特幣，其形式多種多樣，功能可繁可簡，它可以是遵守比特幣協議運行的各種工具，如電腦用戶端、手機用戶端、網站服務、專用設備，也可以只是存儲著比特幣私密金鑰的介質，如一張紙、一段暗號、一個快閃隨身碟、一個文本文档，因為只要掌握比特幣的私密金鑰，就可以處置其對應地址中包含的比特幣。比特币无法存入一般的银行账户，交易只能在比特币网络上进行，使用前需下载客户端或接入线上网络。 Bitcoin users can check, save, and spend on their holdings of bitcoins & #xff0c; they can take a variety of forms & #xff0c; they can be simple & #xff0c; it can be various tools that follow the Bitcoins agreement & #xff0c; e.g. computer customers, cellular customers, website services, specialized devices & #xff0c; they can only store bitco’s private key & #xff0c; e.g., a piece of paper, a sign, a flash disk, a text file #xff0c; they can store bitco’s private key #xff0c; they can download customers or access lines before using bitcoins. 「Electrum」是許多比特幣客戶端軟體的其中之一 "Electrum" is one of many bits of client software. 比特币客户端有很多，下文举几例列出。 Bitcoin has many xff0c clients; a few examples are given below. 比特币最初客户端为Bitcoin QT，由中本聪开发。Bitcoin QT從0.4.0版本開始，支援錢包檔加密存儲。加密的錢包在每次付款的時候，都必須輸入密碼。但如果用加密之前備份的錢包文件（wallet.dat）替換回來，還是可以正常交易。考慮到比特幣的原理可得出，掌握私密金鑰即擁有對相應地址中比特幣的處置權，不管對錢包文件（內容包括各個地址對應的私密金鑰）是進行了加密還是刪除，都不能否定它。 Bitcoin's initial client was Bitcoin QT& #xff0c; it was developed by China. Bitcoin QT started from version 0.4.0 & #xff0c; supports the encryption of wallet files. Encrypted wallets are required to enter the password when each payment is made xff0c; if a copy of the wallet & #xff08; wallet.dat） replacement xff0c; or normal transactions. Considering the Bitcoin theory, xff0c; having control of the private key has rights over the specific address xff0c; regardless of the size of the wallet document #xff08; content includes the private key #xff09; either encryption or deletion xff0c; it cannot be denied. 其他客户端都是以Bitcoin QT为原型开发的。通常支援雲存儲區塊，以避免使用者花費大量時間和磁碟空間下載舊交易資訊。並且各自提供進階功能。如Armory、Electrum和MultiBit等。此三者特点如下： Other clients are developed using Bitcoin QT as a prototype. They usually support cloud storage blocks & #xff0c; avoid users spending a lot of time and disk space downloading old transaction information. And each provides advanced functions such as Armory, Electric and MultiBit. These three features are as follows xff1a; 比特幣也有運行在智能手機上的用戶端。 Bitcoin also has a client running on smartphones. 比特幣自動櫃員機 BitcoinAsymptoms. 硬體錢包是專門處理比特幣的智慧設備，例如只安裝了比特幣用戶端與聯網功能的樹莓派。硬體錢包通常可以提供更多的安全保障措施。 Hard wallets are smart devices that handle bitcoins & #xff0c; for example, raspberry pies that only install bitcoins client and network functions. Hard wallets usually provide more security. 線上錢包服務可以讓用户在任何浏览器和移動設備上使用比特幣，通常它還提供一些額外功能，使用户对使用比特币时更加方便。但選擇線上錢包服務時必須慎重，因為其安全性受到服务商的影响。 The online wallet service allows users to use bitcoins & #xff0c on any browser and moving device; usually it also provides extra functions & #xff0c; makes it easier for users to use bitcoins. However, the online wallet service must be selected with caution & #xff0c; its safety is influenced by the service provider. 线上钱包服务有“区块链上”（on-chain）与“区块链外”（off-chain）的区别：链上钱包服务商帮助用户保管加密后的私密金鑰，用户的比特币余额可以在区块链上查询到，类似为每位用户准备一个独立的保险箱；链外钱包服务商帮助用户保管比特币本身，相当于把用户资金放在自己的金库中，给用户提供存款证明。 The online wallet service includes the “block chain” & #xff08; on-chain） the distinction with “outside the block chain” & #xff08; off-chain） xff1a; the chain wallet service provider helps the user keep the encrypted private key xff0c; the user's bitcoin balance can be traced to the block chain xff0c; similar to the preparation of a separate safe for each user xff1b; the chain wallet service provider helps the user keep the bitcoin itself xff0c; the equivalent of placing user funds in its own vault xff0c; and the provision of certificates of deposit to the user. 比特幣最需要保護的核心部分是私密金鑰（私鑰），因為用戶是以私鑰來證明所有權，並以此使用比特幣，存儲私密金鑰的介質也可以稱為錢包，當錢包遺失、損毀時，為比特幣丟失，離線錢包可以是纸钱包、脑钱包、冷钱包、轻量钱包。 The core parts of the currency most in need of protection are private key & #xff08; private key & #xff09; & #xff0c; because the user is a private key to prove ownership & #xff0c; and thus uses Bitcoin & #xff0c; the medium for storage of private key can also be called wallet & #xff0c; when the wallet is lost or destroyed & #xfff0c; when the wallet is lost #xff0c; and offline wallets can be 紙錢包 Paper wallet. 比特幣在產生地址時，相對應的私密金鑰也會一起產生，彼此的關係猶如銀行存款的帳號和密碼，有些線上錢包的私密金鑰是儲存在雲端的，使用者只能透過該線上錢包的服務使用比特幣。 Bitcoins generate xff0c at the time the address is created; the corresponding private key produces xff0c together; they have relationships like bank deposit accounts and passwords xff0c; some of the wired wallets are xff0c stored on the cloud; users can only use bitcoins through the service of the online wallet. 地址用於接收比特幣，功能類似銀行的存款帳號，但不需要實名登記。若只公開地址不必擔心裡面的比特幣被盜走，也沒有任何，也可以離線產生。比特幣的地址是由使用者的公開金鑰經過?SHA-256?雜湊運算後，再通過 RIPEMD-160 雜湊運算而得，其長度固定為 160 個位元（bits），通常會利用 Base58 將之編碼成一串由英文字母和數字所組成的字串，以方便顯示或散佈，其特徵是皆以“”或者“”開頭，隔離見證地址则以“”作为開頭，傳統比特幣地址區分大小寫，但不包括“IlO0”等字元，“1”開頭的地址長26~34位，“3”開頭的地址長34位，例如""，地址也可編碼成快速反應矩陣碼(QR-Code)的形式讓行動裝置能夠便捷地讀取複製 。比特幣用戶端可以離線生成比特幣地址（页面存档备份，存于）?。一個人可以生成並擁有許多比特幣地址，並用在不同的交易上，而且除非自己揭露，或與其他資料連結，否則外人無法看出其中的關聯。可用的比特幣地址數量接近2161個。形象地說，假如地球上約有263粒沙，那麼比特幣地址總數遠遠超過地球上所有沙子的數量（大約是沙子數目的平方的350億倍）。 The address is also offline. The address is a public key of the user ; nolve's SHA-256/a; r 比特幣的私密金鑰（私鑰，），作用相當於金融卡提款或消費的密碼，用於證明比特幣的所有權。擁有者必須私密金鑰可以給交易訊息（最常見的，花費比特幣的訊息）簽名，以證明訊息的發佈者是相應地址的所有者，沒有私鑰，就不能給訊息簽名，作為不記名貨幣，網路上無法認得所有權的證據，也就不能使用比特幣，交易時以網路會以公鑰確認，掌握私密金鑰就等於掌握其對應地址中存放的比特幣。 The owner must use the private key & #xff08; the private key & #xff08; the private key & #xff0c; & xff09; xff0c; the password & xff0c; the password xff0c; to prove that the sender of the message is the owner of the address; xff0c without the private key xff0c; cannot sign the message xff0c; xff0c as unnamed currency xff0c; xff0c as evidence that the Internet does not recognize all the rights xff0c; xff0c; 私密金鑰必須保密、否則任何人只要擁有某一地址的私密金鑰，即可使用其中的比特幣。也不能遺失，而且不像金融卡密碼遺忘時，用戶可以根據當地的金融規範，攜帶自己的身分證件，親自前往金融機構據點，辦理密碼重設後繼續使用原來的帳戶，但若比特幣的私鑰遺失，將如同忘記保險箱的密碼而無法正常打開取用保險箱內的物品，而且沒有方法可以重設（除非有事先備份），2013年，有一位英国使用者因為不小心丟棄了存有其私密金鑰的硬碟，導致裡面的7,500個比特幣，當時價值750萬美元，無法使用。，除非私鑰被找到，否則這些比特幣將永遠閒置在區塊鏈裡，不再流通，而使得流通中的比特幣減少。，而要破解私鑰的難度很高，這是其中一個作為不記名的比特幣的主要安全機制。根據區塊鏈業者Chainalysis的估算，在2017年底時，約有17%至23%，278萬個到379萬個的比特幣因為私鑰遺失、密碼遺忘等原因，而永遠無法使用與進入流通。 Private keys must be kept confidential, or anyone who has a private key to a given address xff0c; they can use the bitcoin as long as they have a private key xff0c; they cannot be lost xff0c; they cannot be lost xff0c; users can be able to access the contents of the box properly according to the local financial regulations xff0c; they have their own identification card xff0c; they have their own access to the financial institution xff0c; the password has been reset to their original account xff0c; xxx0; 0x0x; 0xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxXvvvvvvvxxxxxxxXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XX 比特幣私密金鑰通常由51位元或52位元字元表示，其編碼方式與比特幣地址相似。51位元標記法由數字“5”開頭，52位標記法由“K”或“L”開頭。比特幣地址是由比特幣公開金鑰進行雜湊運算得出的，公開金鑰是可以通過私密金鑰推算出的。所以掌握私密金鑰就可以推算出私密金鑰對應的地址（不可逆），這相當於只需要輸入一組正確的密碼，就可以推算出帳戶名稱並登入，而無法從帳戶名稱反向推算出密碼般。 Bitcoin private key is usually represented by 51 bits or 52 bits & xff0c; it is encoded in a manner similar to the Bitcoin address. 51-bit tagging is started by a number “5” & #xff0c; 52-bit tagging is started by a number “K” or “L.” Bitcoin address is a mix of Bitcoin public key & #xff0c; the public key can be extrapolated through a private key. So having a private key can deduce the address to which the private key corresponds xff08; unreversible xff09; xff0c; this is equivalent to just having to enter a set of correct passwords #xff0c; it can extrapolate the account name and log it into xff0c; and it cannot be deciphered from the account name. 2013年聖誕節前，12天比特幣節目中，Adam Johnson收到Bloomberg電視台的主播Matt Miller送的價值20美元的比特幣禮物卡。他開心的打開禮物卡包裝，在攝影機前展示了約10秒鐘禮物卡，然後，10秒鐘之內，錢就不見了。這張禮物卡上面，是一個比特幣錢包的地址跟私鑰的QR CODE。 xff0c; xff0c for 12 days prior to Christmas 2013; xff0c; Adam Johnson received a 20-dollar Bitcoat gift card from Matt Miller, the anchor of Bloomberg TV. He was happy to open the gift card package xff0c; showed the camera about 10 seconds of the gift card xff0c; then xff0c; xff0c in 10 seconds; the money is missing. xff0c; the address of a Bitcoat wallet and the private key QR CODE. 只要能連上網路，和有適當的中央处理器CPU、圖形處理器GPU、特殊應用積體電路ASIC等电脑设备，稱為“礦机”，任何人都可挖礦。为了获得系統每十分鐘獎勵的比特幣，找到讓帳冊區塊難以被惡意修改但是卻易於驗證的数学难题，此過程猶如開採礦物一樣困難，故稱為“挖礦”，使用礦机挖礦的人被称为“礦工”。挖礦還包含打包和驗證數千筆交易成為區塊，證明轉帳者有足夠的比特幣，防止一幣多付的發生，從而賺取比特幣手續費。 xff0c; and 最大开采国
2021年10月，英国剑桥大学另类金融研究中心公布的数据显示，美国已经超过中国，成为世界上最大的比特币开采国。数据显示，中国在连接到全球比特币网络的计算机运算力中的份额，即所谓的“哈希率”，已经从5月份的44%下降到7月份的零，而在2019年曾高达75%。其他地方的矿工则是已经填补中国空缺，采矿设备制造商将注意力转移到北美和中亚，中国较大的矿工也在转移，尽管这个过程充满了物流方面的困难。因此，数据显示，美国目前挖矿份额居全球之冠，截至8月底，约占全球哈希率的35.4%，其次是哈萨克斯坦和俄罗斯。 xff0c in October 2021; data published by the University of Cambridge Alternative Financial Research Centre in England, xff0c; the United States has surpassed China xff0c; it has become the world's largest bitcoin mining country. Data xff0c; China's share in computer operations connected to the global Bitcoin network xff0c; so-called “Hash rate” xff0c; the number of zeroxff0c in July has fallen from 44 per cent in May to 75 per cent in 2019. Miners elsewhere have filled Chinese vacancies xff0c; manufacturers of mining equipment have shifted their attention to North America and Central Asia xff0c; larger Chinese miners are also moving xff0c; despite the logistical difficulties of the process. xff0c; data xff0c; the United States's share of mining is now the world's crown xffoc; up to the end of August; xff0c; about 35.4 per cent of Haxxxc; and Kazakhstan, respectively. 参见：比特幣容量問題 See #xff1a; Bit currency capacity problem 比特幣記錄一筆交易大約要256B容量，一個區塊容量上限約1MB，所以一個區塊儲存上限為4096筆交易（1MB/256B=4096筆）。600秒出一個區塊，因此每秒僅能處理約7筆交易（4096筆/600秒=6.82筆/秒），造成等候確認時間大增，手續費也大幅增加，計畫在2017年8月1日開始，實施Segwit2x，即隔離見證加區塊大小提升至2MB（2,097,152位元組），以實行擴容，增加比特幣交易容量。另有比特幣無限，主張不限制區塊容量。 The Bit currency records a transaction for about 256 B capacity xff0c; a block ceiling of about 1 MB xff0c; so a block storage cap of 4096 transactions xff08; 1MB/256B #61; 4096 xff09; 600 seconds out of a block xff0c; thus only about 7 transactions xff08; 4096 61; 6.82 xff09; xff0c; resulting in a significant increase in waiting time xff0c; xff0c; planned to start on 1 August 2017 xff0c; giving effect to Segwit2xxff0c; i.e., 6.82 xfff0; wxxxxxxkn; nxxxxxkkn; nxxxxxxkkkkd; nxkxkxkxkxkkd; knknkdnkkt; knkdnktbnkt; kkkktnkkkt.kt.kt.kt.kt.kt.kt.kt.kt.kd; t.kt.kt. 名為比特幣現金（Bitcoin Cash，BCH）的分叉在2017年8月1日出現，分叉後第一個開始區塊为478559，而BCH 478559的區塊大小約1.9MB，超過原有區塊容量上限，意味著比特幣現金的正式誕生，所有在分叉前的比特幣持有者將自動擁有同金額的“比特幣現金”區塊链，區塊容量上限立即提升至8MB。 （ Bitcoin Cashxff0c; BCH#xff09;
然而，比特币现金的诞生也伴随着不少争议。比如，其最初使用的交易代码并不是“BCH”，而是“BCC”，这正好与另一个加密货币Bitconnect冲突，而且和Bitfinex上代表“Bitcoin Core”的链分叉期货（Chain Split Token）交易代码也是雷同的，这曾经让部分投资者感到混淆。 However, xff0c; the birth of Bitcoin cash was also controversial. For example, xff0c; its initial transaction code was not “BCH” & #xff0c; it was “BCC” & #xff0c; it was in conflict with another encrypted currency, Bitconnect xff0c; and Bitfinex, representing the chain segment of “bitcoin Core” #xff08; Chain Split Token#xff09; the trading code was also the same #xff0c; this confused some investors. 而且，BCH开发者修改了比特币原有的难度调整算法，引入了“紧急难度调整”（EDA）机制，可以让BCH的挖矿难度在出块较慢的情况下单向剧烈下降，以此从竞争对手BTC链吸引矿工。这种手段被认为可以起到"维持BCH链自身运转不停摆"的作用，但同时也引发了算力在BTC和BCH两条链间大幅迁移“震荡”的现象，导致BCH和BTC都不时发生不同程度的交易确认时间延长问题；而且EDA加速了BCH的新币产生速度，可能导致BCH下一次产量减半提早到来。后来BCH开发者修改了代码，通过一次硬分叉升级将EDA废除，以新的难度调整算法取而代之，消除了EDA存在的难度单向剧烈下调、反馈不够及时等问题，在BCH经过本次硬分叉升级后，算力在BCH和BTC两条链间震荡的不良现象也随之改善、消失。 Also xff0c; BCH developers have modified the original difficulty adjustment algorithm for Bitcoin 34; introduced “emergency difficulty adjustment” xff08; EDA） mechanisms xff0c; which allows BCH mining difficulties to be drastically reduced in slowness xff0c; thereby attracting miners from the competitor BTC chain. This means is considered to be 34; maintaining the BCH chain itself to 34 xff0c; xff0c; but it has also triggered a significant migration of the BCH chain between BTC and BCH xff0c; confirming time extension problems xff1b; and EDA has accelerated the pace of production of the BCH new currency #34; xff0 有人认为目前只有兼容Bitcoin Core客户端的链（即BTC）才是真正的比特币，他们往往会把比特币现金叫做“Bcash”；同时也有人认为比特币现金才是真正的比特币，而且认为“Bcash”这种称呼实质上是一种针对比特币现金的社会工程学攻击手段。 The view was expressed that only the chain of Bitcoin Core client xff08; or BTC） that the true bitcoin xff0c; that they often referred to bitcoin cash as “Bcash” #xff1b; that bitcoin cash was the true bitcoin xff0c; and that the term “Bcash” was essentially a means of socio-engineering attacks against bitcoin cash. 比特币早期布道者Andreas M. Antonopoulos则认为基于比特币的去中心化本质，并不存在一个“真正的比特币”标准答案，每一个人都应该有自己的独立认知。 The early sermon of Bitcoin, Andreas M. Antonopoulos, argued that the decentralised nature of Bitcoin was based on Bitcoin xff0c; that there was no “real bitcoin” standard answer xff0c; and that everyone should have their own independent knowledge. 比特币黃金（Bitcoin Gold，BTG）是2017年10月25日的再次分叉，比特幣持有人將生成出等量的比特幣黃金幣，主要是希望解決日漸中心化的挖礦現象，比特币黃金將採用新的雜湊算法Equihash，來防止 ASICs 挖礦。同时，Bitcoin Gold开发也预挖了一部分BTG，作为对团队维持开发工作的支持和激励。 Bitcoin gold & #xff08; Bitcoin Gold， BTG） another split & #xff0c on October 25, 2017; bitcoin gold coins & #xff0c, which will produce the same amount; mainly mining images that are intended to be solved in the center of the sun & #xff0c; Bitco gold, which will use a new amortization method Equihash， to prevent mining by ASICs. & #xff0c; Bitcoin Gold development also preduced a portion of BTG #xff0c; as support and incentive for team maintenance. 原定在區塊494,784（2017年11月）进行的SegWit2x硬分叉, Jeff Garzik主导开发的sha256挖矿分叉已失败，比特币纽约团队主导的GPU挖矿版成功分叉?（页面存档备份，存于），後續又有數十個比特币分叉，包括Bitcoin Diamond、Super Bitcoin等。此类分叉的涌现甚至引出了一个新的概念“IFO”，即“首次分叉发行”（Initial Fork Offering），与“ICO”（Initial Coin Offering，首次代币发行）性质类似。 xff0c: xff08; 比特幣對等網路將所有的交易歷史都儲存在區塊鏈中，比特幣交易就是在區塊鏈帳本上“記帳”，通常它由比特幣用戶端協助完成。付款方需要以自己的私鑰對交易進行數位簽章，證明所有權並認可該次交易。比特幣會被記錄在收款方的地址上，交易無需收款方參與，收款方可以不在线，甚至不存在，交易的资金支付来源，也就是花費，称为“输入”，资金去向，也就是收入，称为“输出”。如有输入，输入必须大于等于输出，输入大于输出的部分即为交易手续费。 The Bitcoin interconnects all transactions in the chain & #xff0c; the Bitcoin transaction is “record” & #xff0c; it is usually done with the help of a Bitcoin client. The payer needs to sign the transaction digitally xff0c; prove ownership and recognize the transaction. The Bitcoin is recorded on the address of the recipient xff0c; the transaction has no payee xff0c; the recipient may not be online xff0c; xff0c does not even exist; the source of financial payments for the transaction xff0c; that is, the cost #xff0c; known as “Input” xff0c; the money goes to xff0c; that is, the income xff0c; that is called “Exit”. If there is an input xff0c; the input must be larger than the export xff0c; the input must be larger than the export xff0c. 矿工产出交易没有输入，只有输出，交易记录會顯示（），除矿工产出交易外，一个输入必然是另一笔交易的一个输出，也就是一筆收入必然是其他人的支付。一個輸入沒有成為另一筆交易的輸出時，它是“未花費的”，也就是“帳戶餘額”。收录此交易的区块被广播后，此交易就有了“1个确认”。矿工们平均每10分钟产生一个区块，每一个新区块的诞生会使此交易的确认数加1。当确认数达到6时，通常这笔交易被认为比较安全、难以逆转。。比特幣交易為不可逆，每一筆交易都無法撤銷，商家不必遭到詐騙式的拒付而遭受損失，唯一可以獲得退款的方法，就是請對方再做一筆反向交易，但需要對方的配合。 The mineral output transaction does not enter xff0c; only the output xff0c; the records show xff08; xff09; xff0c; xff0c; xff0c; an input must be an output of another transaction xff0c; i.e., an income must have been paid by others. One input does not become an output of another transaction xff0c; it is “uncosted” xff0c; that is, “account balance”; this transaction is usually considered to be safer and difficult to reverse. 比特幣的所有交易都會被記錄在區塊鏈上，比特幣最多的地址可以很輕易的在網路上公開查詢。這些地址多半是交易所的冷錢包，但作為匿名的比特币地址，原則上無法得知持有者，除非特別情況，通常也無法得知某人擁有的比特币地址，每個人都可以建立及擁有許多的比特币地址，而不同地址也可由同一人或機構持有，包括有些餘額很少的地址，且不代表持有者的真實財富狀況，而該地址的私鑰若遺失，裡面的比特币就不能使用，因此某些地址的比特币，特別是只進不出、或長期未花用的地址，可能是私鑰已遺失、而任何人皆無法再使用的地址。 All transactions in Bitcoins will be recorded on the sector chain xff0c; the largest addresses in Bitcoins can easily be consulted on the Internet. Most of these addresses are exchange cold wallets xff0c; but the anonymous Bitcoin address xff0c; the principle does not know the holder xff0c; unless special circumstances xff0c; it is usually impossible to know a person's Bitcoin address xff0c; everyone can build and own a lot of bitcoins xff0c; different addresses can also be held by the same person or institution xff0c; some of the remaining addresses xff0c; special, non-existent or non-existent addresses; and the private address of the address may not be used; xffp x ff 有數個比特幣位置存有未使用的大量資金。其中部分位址曾存有美國聯邦調查局自線上黑市「絲路」創辦人「恐怖海盜羅伯特」（Dread Pirate Roberts）處查扣的比特幣資金，這些位址已在2013年10月被美國司法部強制下線。 There are a number of unused large amounts of money in several bitcoins. Some of these addresses were held on the US Federal Bureau of Investigation online black market "Swice by Robert #xff08; Draw Pirate Roberts #xff09; seized bicurrency funds #xff0c; these sites have been forced down by the US Department of Justice in October 2013. 比特币结合?P2P?对等网络技术和密码学原理，来维持发行系统的安全可靠性。与有中心服务器的中央网络系统不同，在 P2P 网络中无中心服务器，每个用户端既是一个节点，也有服务器的功能，任何一个节点都无法直接找到其他节点，必须依靠其户群进行信息交流。比特币使用以下3种机制，来解决初次运行时，查找其他节点的问题。 Bitcoin combination? P2P? To maintain the security of the distribution system. Unlike the central network system with a central server xff0c; to have no central server xff0c in the P2P network; to have a server function xff0c; to have a server function xff0c; to have no direct access to any other node xff0c; to rely on information exchange with its household. 现在不需要运行上述3个机制，一旦连接到比特币的某个节点，在发送的信息中，就会包含对等网络 P2P 其他节点的地址，直接通过其匿名用户群来找到其他节点。节点遍布整个互联网的 P2P 技术和密码学原理相结合，确保了比特币发行系统无法被政府、组织、或黑客监控、隔离、或破坏，从而保障了系统的可靠性和匿名性。。拒绝服务式（DDoS）以及其他攻击，其目标都是针对比特币交易中心，这和攻击或关闭传统货币交易所的网络，理论上不影响其货币发行和使用一样。2013年5月，美国政府查封世界上最大的比特币交易所银行账户后，兑换率还是维持在1比特币兑换120美元上下。 There is no need to run the above-mentioned three mechanisms xff0c; once it is connected to a point in Bitcoin xff0c; when it is sent xff0c; when it contains the address of the equivalent network P2P and other nodes xff0c; to find other nodes directly through its anonymous user base. The nodes of P2P technical and cryptographic principles that are spread over the entire Internet xff0c; to ensure that the Bitcoin distribution system cannot be monitored, isolated, or destroyed by the government, organization, or hacker; xff0c; thereby safeguarding the reliability and anonymity of the system. 匿名與隐私是比特币問世時主要的訴求，因為交易或建立比特币地址、錢包時，不需要提供任何個人資訊，區塊鏈也不會儲存任何個人資訊，但交易信息是向全网广播的，因此所有交易记录细节都是公开的、而可以追蹤。不同于採用 KYC 認證的传统金融機構，通过将交易信息與客户資料严格保密来保护客户隐私，但若國家機關基於特定原因，而向金融機構調取資料，或是被金融機構被駭客攻擊，或是內部洩漏，這樣仍然會使隐私消失，而使得特定交易信息與關聯的客户資料曝光，相對的，由於比特币的交易紀錄可以追蹤，因此如果比特币的特定交易信息與關聯的客户資料曝光，或經由 KYC 認證的交易所兌換成法定貨幣，其他相關地址也可能追蹤出真實身分，比特币可通过为每笔交易建立不同的地址来保护隐私，bitcoin.org 網站也建議每一個地址只做一次交易。例如，甲方希望发送 1.20 BTC 给乙方，那么任何人都可以通過比特币网络上所有节点都能够查阅这笔 1.20 BTC 的交易细节。但除非甲方或者乙方公布自己拥有其中的一个地址，否则作為不記名的貨幣，其他人很难知道这笔交易是发生在甲方与乙方之间的。 Anonymity and privacy are the main claims in Bitcoin; xff0c; xff0c; xff0c; no personal information xff0c; but transaction information xff0c; and therefore all transaction details are public and traceable. Unlike traditional financial institutions that use KYC identification xff0c; xffcc; xff ; 理论上，如果有调查者能够将某一个地址与某一用户间建立关联，那么调查者就可以追根溯源，搞清楚每一笔交易的对方，如比對其它的個人資訊，如交易的 IP 地址等，某特定交易的資訊，要求已知的一方交代交易的另一方的身份等，并顺藤摸瓜經由交易链，並配合比特币交易所基於反洗錢法的 KYC 身分認證，直到确定目标地址的真实所有者，因此，只要有一筆交易被證明為犯罪，如某些交易是綁架的贖金或是未經持有人同意下，從被盜的帳戶轉帳出去等，之後所有後續轉出去的地址都會被“汙染”。但实际上，想要确定某个比特币的真实所有者依然是异常困难的，加上後續混合比特币（Bitcoin Mixing）、匿名轉換成其他加密貨幣，特別是門羅幣等徹底隱藏交易信息的新型態加密貨幣的產生，雖然強化了隐私保护，但也增加金流追蹤的困難，这一属性使得比特币吸引了很多非法物品交易者的兴趣。 Theoretically xff0c; if there is an investigator who can link an address to a user xff0c; if there is an investigator who can trace an address to a user xff0c; if there is an investigator who can trace each transaction to his counterpart xff0c; if there are other personal information xff0c; if there is an IP address for the transaction xff0c; if there is an investigator who can link an address xff0c; if there is an investigator who can link an address to a user xff0c; if there is an investigator xffff0c 為求徹底解決比特币有關隱私性、被監控、被追蹤等疑慮，後續開發了強調隱私，有自動混幣或加密功能的區塊链與替代加密貨幣，通稱隱私幣，包括達世幣、门罗币、Zcash、PIVX 等，但由於這類貨幣極容易被當成洗錢工具，因此在一部分交易所的交易會受到限制。 In order to fully resolve Bitcoin's suspicions about privacy, surveillance, tracking, etc. #xff0c; the subsequent development of strong privacy & #xff0c; block chains with automatic commingling or encryption functions and substitute encryption currency & #xff0c; commonly known as private currency & #xff0c; including Da, Monroe, Zcash, PIVX, etc. & #xff0c; but because of the ease with which the currency is used as a money laundering tool #xff0c; transactions in some exchanges are therefore limited. 網絡安全公司趨勢科技提出資安警告，比特幣採礦惡意軟體猖獗，根據統計日本約3000台電腦感染了該病毒，約佔全球的四分之一、數量居首，該公司呼籲日本用戶不要瀏覽可疑郵件及網站。第二位是美國的2606台（占21%），其次為澳大利亞、印度、法國、與台灣。 2010年6月，澳大利亚广播公司发现一名雇员用公司的服务器进行挖矿。 June 2010 & #xff0c; ABC discovered an employee digging with a company server. 2011年6月，網絡安全公司赛门铁克公司发出警告，僵尸网络正在参与到比特币“挖矿”中。这会占用受害者的计算机运算能力、消耗额外的电力并导致主机温度升高。 June 2011 xff0c; Internet security company is participating in the “mining of mines” in Bitco. 2011年8月，比特币挖矿的僵尸网络被发现了。同時也發現，木马感染的「Mac OS X」電腦被用於比特币挖矿。 xff0c; Zombie network was found digging in Bitcoin in August 2011. xff0c was also found; Mac OS X, a carousel infected computer, was used to dig in Bitcoin. 另外，一些有争议软件也大量利用显卡的并行计算能力生成僵尸网络，進行比特幣挖礦。 Also xff0c; a number of controversial software also make extensive use of https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_4019811/article/details/%E5%B9%E8%E8%AE%A1%E7AE%E%" rel="nofollow> /a>. 2017年12月2日，阿根廷首都布宜諾斯艾利斯的一家星巴克咖啡館，被發現店內提供顧客使用的?Wi-Fi?遭植入?Coinhive?挖礦程式。 2 December 2017 xff0c; a Starbucks Café xff0c in Buenos Aires, the Argentine capital; ? 比特币基於不受政府控制、相對匿名、難以追蹤的特性，和其它貨幣一樣，也被用来进行非法交易，成为犯罪工具、或隱匿犯罪所得的工具。 Bitcoin is based on government-controlled, relative, anonymous, hard-to-trace features xff0c; like other currencies xff0c; is also used for illicit transactions xff0c; becomes an instrument of crime, or conceals the proceeds of crime. 比特币曾经被指控为“庞氏骗局”，因为比特币的汇率在不断地上涨，而早期的比特币用户挖矿较为容易。欧洲中央银行曾对这一虚拟货币进行仔细认真的研究，在2012年發表的分析报告中表示以現有資料難以判斷比特币是或不是庞氏骗局，一方面買入比特幣的人需要找到其他人願意買入方可取回資金，許多人認為這符合庞氏骗局的特徵，但另一方面比特幣計劃從來沒有向任何人承諾高回報，報告認為如果以金錢作考量，比特幣對於使用者而言是一個高風險系統。 Bitcoin has been accused of being a “Ponzi fraud” & #xff0c; because the Bitcoin exchange rate is rising & #xff0c; and early bitcoin users are easier to dig. The European Central Bank has carefully studied this virtual currency & #xff0c; in its analysis published in 2012, it was stated that it was difficult to judge whether bitco was or was not a Ponzi fraud & #xff0c; on the one hand, those who bought bitcoin needed to find someone else willing to buy back #xff0c; on the other hand, many thought that it was consistent with the Ponzi fraud speciality #xff0c; on the other hand, the Bitcoin plan never promised anyone a higher return #xff0c; on the other hand, it was reported that it was a high risk system for users if the money was taken #xff0c; on the other hand, the Bitcoins were considered to be a high risk system. 在美國，一個匿名化的交易丝绸之路所主導，自称为黑市亚马逊Amazon.com，比特币是它的唯一交易货币。?2011年，纽约州参议员查爾斯·舒默和其他人致信给美国药品管理局，指责丝绸之路运用比特币洗钱，要求对丝绸之路和比特币展开调查。和TOR一样，比特币都是合法技术，被用在丝绸之路的网站中，为执法部门带来了很多难题。不过，开发比特币的核心成员Jeff Garzik表示，虽然各方的身份是匿名的，执法部门仍可以利用先进的网络分析技术，通过区块链中公开的交易记录流程来跟踪单个比特币使用者。?2013年11月，丝绸之路已经被美国政府查封。 2014年1月，美國司法部宣佈，比特幣交易站運營者羅伯特·法伊拉（Robert Faiella）和查理·史瑞姆被正式指控參與洗黑錢，幫助丝绸之路販毒者將100萬美元兌換成為比特幣。? In the United States, xff0c; an anonymous transaction ; `nosollow' 由於和違法行為之間常有牽連，因此比特幣受到許多嚴厲的檢視。在2013年，美國聯邦調查局強制關閉線上黑市「丝绸之路」，並查扣144,000比特幣，當時約值2,850萬美元。但若與其他國家比較，美國政府對比特幣持相對友善的態度。中國大陸政府的新規定限制了人民幣和比特幣之間的交易。歐洲銀行業管理局則警告比特幣缺乏對消費者的保障。比特幣可能遭竊且在技術上不可能獲得任何補償。 xff0c, which is often linked to illegal behaviour. In 2013, xff0c; #xff0c; and the seizure of 144,000 bits xff0c; about US$28.5 million at that time. But if compared to other countries, 28%E8%B3%BC%E7%E9%A9%B6%E7%C7%A9%C) the US government is hostile to the special currency, the new rules of the Chinese government have restricted the exchange between the people and the special bank's bank's money may not be used to protect the bank's currency. 比特币也普遍被用來當成勒索軟體的金流工具，手法是駭入受害者的電腦後，將受害者的電腦的檔案加密，受害者在約72-96小時的時限內必須支付一定金額後，才能取得金鑰解密，否則逾時金鑰銷毀，受害者如要解開已被加密的檔案將非常困難，因此，不只個人，學校、證券商、醫院、寺廟不等，而且還發展出以比特币為報酬的駭客攻擊服務 2017年5月，一款名為WannaCry的勒索軟體，造成數十萬台電腦遭到感染，也是以比特币為支付工具。?2017年6月，另一款名為Petya的勒索軟體，也是以比特币為支付工具。 May 2017 xff0c; Extortion software xff0c; hundreds of thousands of computers infected xff0c; Bitco currency as a tool for payment? June 2017 xff0c; and Petya Extortion software xff0c; also Bitcoin as a tool for payment. 2018年中，5個月內已有近三百種虛擬貨幣出現，當中它們亦流行以ICO募款。而最近四月發生的越南虛擬貨幣Pincoin於集資後籌募得六億六千萬美元後失蹤，亦引起市民的哄動及留意。而同年3月19日，香港證監會亦首次叫停在港集資的首次代幣發行計劃。 In mid-2018, nearly 300 virtual coins appeared in xff0c in five months; they were also popularly raised by the ICO. In April, the Vietnamese virtual currency, Pincoin, went missing after raising $660 million after raising funds xff0c; it also caused citizens to be moved and noticed. On 19 March of the same year, xff0c; and for the first time, the Hong Kong Censorship Board called the first bill launch that stopped in Hong Kong. 比特币仍然有合法或正當的用途。有多种途径使用比特币，通过电子货币交易所、比特币提款機、服务商和个人等渠道，就能兑换为当地的现金或金币或以现金或金币購買比特币；也可以直接使用它购买物品和服务，或使用比特币金融卡。特别继维基解密宣布接受比特币捐助后，认可使用比特币的个人、组织和企业迅猛增长。?Coinmap（页面存档备份，存于）是一个专门收录全球范围内接受比特币支付的实体商家网站，比特币维基有一个网页则列出了接受比特币支付的合法网络商家。?隨著比特币金融卡的啟用，即使商家不接受比特幣，仍然可以依照比特幣與法幣的即時匯率，而以比特幣付款，猶如刷帳戶的金融卡支付外幣（美元、歐元等）消費，仍然可以依照該外幣與的即時匯率，而從的存款帳戶扣款來完成付款，這樣商家只要支援Visa 或 Mastercard等信用卡，或是Apple Pay等行動支付功能者皆能使用，，使用範圍就能從直接接受比特幣的1萬商家，大幅擴大到包括網路購物、賣場購物、餐廳和咖啡廳用餐、搭乘交通工具、加油站加油等數千萬個商家（Visa 2,900萬、MasterCard 3,200萬個），如果許可，並可使用世界各地逾3千多萬台一般法幣ATM，以比特幣提領當地現金使用。 & Bitcoin still has legitimate or legitimate uses. There are many ways to use Bitcoin & #xfff0c; via e-money exchange & Bitcoin withdrawal machines, service providers and individuals & #xff0c; can be converted into local cash or coins or bought in cash or coins & #xff1b; can also be used directly to purchase goods and services & #xff0c; 比特幣做為一種非由國家力量發行及擔保的交易工具，已經被全球不少個人、組織、企業等認可、使用和參與。某些政府承認它是貨幣，但也有一些政府是當成虛擬商品，而不承認貨幣的屬性。某些政府，則視無法監管的比特幣為非法交易貨品，並企圖以法律取締它。 Bitcoins are recognized, used and involved by a number of individuals, organizations, businesses, etc. around the world. Some governments recognize it as a currency & #xff0c; others recognize it as a virtual commodity & #xff0c; do not recognize its attributes. Some governments & #xff0c; view the unsupervised bitcoin as an illicit trade & #xff0c; and attempt to take it by law. 2021年12月9日，在美国众议院举行的加密货币听证会上，共和党众议员 Patrick McHenry 表示，加密领域的技术「已经受到监管」，但现有的监管框架可能「笨拙」且「不是最新的」，并具有过度监管的倾向。Patrick McHenry 称：「加密货币对未来的影响可能比互联网更大...... 我们需要合理的规则...... 不需要立法者仅仅出于对未知的恐惧而下意识的监管...... 因未知的恐惧而监管只会扼杀美国的创新能力，使我们在竞争中处于劣势...... 我们如何确保 Web3 革命发生在美国?」另Patrick McHenry在加密听证会上还表示：“我们需要摒弃加密货币只被犯罪分子使用的想法。你知道还有什么是被用于不良目的吗？现金。” 9 December 2021 xff0c; xff0c at an encrypted currency hearing in the United States House of Representatives; xff0c; Republican Congressman Patrick McHenry says xff0c; technologies in the field of encryption "are already regulated" xff0c; but the existing regulatory framework may be "clumbly" and "not the latest" xff0c; and there is a tendency to over-regulate. Patrick McHenry says xff1a; "The influence of encrypted currency on the future may be greater than the Internet. We need reasonable rules... we need not be regulated by legislators simply out of fear of unknown knowledge. 2020年12月，考慮將比特幣歸類為「無形資產」，並向其交易收稅。 December 2020 & #xff0c; considering classifying bitcoins as & #xff0c & taxing their transactions. 2021年9月7日，正式把比特幣列入為法定貨幣，成為世界首個把比特幣列作法定貨幣的國家，與此同時，也觸發了該國多處反對比特幣法律示威。 7 September 2021 & #xff0c; formally included as legal currency xff0c; became the first country in the world to have Bitcoin as a legal currency xff0c; #xff0c; and at the same time #xff0c; also triggered numerous legal demonstrations against Bitco. 2022年7月31日，俄总统普京签署《数字金融资产和加密货币调解法》。该法律出台前，俄对加密货币进行监管无法可依。根据《数字金融资产和加密货币调解法》，数字金融资产指的是在信息系统中发行、清算和流通的数字资产权利。数字资产可以作为抵押、买卖和交换的对象，但不可以用作支付手段。 xff0c of July 31, 2022; Russian President Vladimir Putin signed the Digital Financial Assets and Encrypted Currency Mediation Act. Prior to the enactment of the Act, xff0c; Russian regulation of encrypted currency could not be justified. According to the Digital Financial Assets and Encrypted Currency Mediation Act xff0c; digital financial assets refer to the right to digital assets issued, liquidated and circulated in information systems. Digital assets can be used as collateral, traded and exchanged for xff0c; they cannot be used as a means of payment. 2022年9月22日，俄罗斯央行和财政部达成协议，允许使用加密货币进行跨境结算。 22 September 2022 xff0c; agreement between the Russian Central Bank and the Ministry of Finance xff0c; permission for cross-border settlement using encrypted currency. 2013年12月5日，中國人民銀行、工業和信息化部、銀監會、證監會等部門就聯合發布《關於防範比特幣風險的通知》，當時下令金融機構與支付機構不能提供比特幣的託管、兌換、支付等服務，強調虛擬貨幣不具有與貨幣等同的法律地位。用戶使用比特幣交易平台必須實名制，並受電信管理機構監督?。 On 5 December 2013, xff0c; the People's Bank of China, the Ministry of Industry and Information, the Silver Supervisory Board, the SEC, among others, co-issued the Notice on the Risk of Quantified Bitcoins & #xff0c; at that time, financial institutions and payment agencies were ordered to fail to provide services such as bitcoins'trust, swaps, and payments xff0c; and stressed that virtual currency does not have the same legal status as currency. Users must use bitco trading platforms to produce a name xff0c; and are supervised by a telecom manager? 2017年9月4日中國人民銀行、中央網信辦、工業和信息化部、工商總局、銀監會、證監會和保監會等七部門所發布的「關於防範代幣發行融資風險的公告」開始，管制有關透過虛擬貨幣發行融資活動的行為，定性為未經批准非法公開融資的行為，並且禁止一切與虛擬貨幣有關的交易行為；2018年又發布過一系列禁止虛擬貨幣交易規定，如8月7日國家互聯網信息辦公室發布實施的「即時通信工具公眾信息服務發展管理暫行規定」，微信上有關區塊鏈的公眾號，內容均被責令屏蔽?。 On 4 September 2017, the People's Bank of China, Central Networking, the Ministry of Industry and Information, the Chamber of Commerce and Industry, the Silver Supervisory Board, the Witness Control Board and the Guardian Council began #xff0c; regulated the conduct of #xff0c regarding the issuance of funds through virtual currency; characterized as #xff0c; prohibited all transactions related to counterfeit currency #xff1b; published in 2018 a series of rules prohibiting the trading of counterfeit currency #xff0c; and, as on 7 August, published by the National Network Information Office, implemented a "remand communication tool public information service development moratorium" #xff0c; and banned all transactions related to virtual currency #xff0c on the local chain #xff0c. 2021年5月18日，中國人民銀行會同中國互聯網金融協會、中國銀行業協會、中國支付清算協會等三大機構，聯合發表聲明指出：「虛擬貨幣價格暴漲暴跌，虛擬貨幣交易炒作活動有所反彈，嚴重侵害人民群眾財產安全，擾亂經濟金融正常秩序。」內文還明確提到，相關交易活動已經違反中國法規，任何交易合約不受法律保障，後果及損失一律由投資人自行負責?。 On May 18, 2021, #xff0c; #xff0c, the China People's Bank and the China Internet Financial Association, the China Bank Association, and the China Payments Liquidation Association, all three institutions & #xff0c; the Joint Statement states & #xff1a; #xff0c, where the prices of virtual currency have skyrocketed & #xff0c; #xff0c, where the virtual currency trading campaign is counterproductive & #xff0c; #xff0c, where the people's property security is seriously affected; and #xff0c, where the normal economic and financial order is disturbed. 2021年9月24日，中国人民银行等十部委发布的《关于进一步防范和处置虚拟货币交易炒作风险的通知》规定指出，虚拟货币不具有与法定货币等同的法律地位，虚拟货币相关业务活动属于非法金融活动，对于相关境外虚拟货币交易所的境内工作人员，以及明知或应知其从事虚拟货币相关业务，仍为其提供营销宣传、支付结算、技术支持等服务的法人、非法人组织和自然人，将被依法追究有关责任。 xff0c of 24 September 2021; Circular issued by ten ministries, including the People's Bank of China, on the further prevention and disposal of the risks associated with the fumigation of virtual currency transactions xff0c; virtual currency not having the same legal status as statutory currency xff0c; virtual currency-related operations being illegal financial activities xff0c; internal staff of the relevant offshore virtual currency exchange xff0c; and knowledge or knowledge that they are engaged in virtual currency-related operations xff0c; legal persons, illegal persons organizations and natural persons who continue to provide them with marketing publicity, payment settlements, technical support, etc. xff0c; and liability in accordance with the law. 除了比特幣，目前還有許多相似的同類型貨幣，統稱為加密貨幣，比特幣以外的加密貨幣，又稱為山寨币、競爭幣（英語：），目前有數千種以上的加密貨幣在流通，並且持續增加中，新的加密貨幣可能在任何時間被任何人建立出來，可經由獨立創建、硬分叉、透過ICO發行的代幣等方式建立。某些其它加密貨幣有更多的功能、更完善的隱私保護、更快的區塊生成時間、支援智能合約等，如以太币等。 In addition to Bitcoin & #xff0c; there are many similar currencies & #xff0c; coded currency & #xff0c; coded currency & #xff0c other than Bitcoin; also known as bogus coins, competition currency & #xff08; English & #xff1a; #xff09; #xff0c; there are now several thousand sets of encrypted currency in circulation & #xff0c; and there is a continuous increase #xff0c; new encryption currency may be created by anyone at any time xff0c; it may be created by means of stand-alone, hard splits, coin & #xff08; English & #xffff1a; & #xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffft.fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffft.fffffffffffffffffffffft.t.t.t.ffffffff.ff.ffff.ffffffff.f.ff.f.f.f.f.f.f.f.f.f.f.f.f.f.f.f.f.f.f.f.f.f.f.f.f.f.f.f.f.f.f.f.f.f.f.f.f.f.f.f.f This article is issued from?Wikipedia. The text is licensed under?Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.比特币 
使用地区 法定货币 
?薩爾瓦多
?古巴
?中非
?多米尼克流通货币 
?全世界（除在中国等少数地区被禁止流通）发行历史 始发时间 2009年1月3日 货币单位 ?1 比特币（Bitcoins，BTC） ?10?2 比特分（Bitcent，cBTC） ?10?3 毫比特（Milli-Bitcoins，mBTC） ?10?6 微比（Micro-Bitcoins，μBTC） ?10?8 聰（Satoshi） 货币符号 BTC、XBT、?、? 货币估值 货币供给 有限发行（按照收斂等比数列，发行速度每4年减半，直到2140年，总量接近2100万） - 数据来源： Number of bitcoins in circulation 「比特币」的各地常用別名 中国大陸 臺灣 港澳 馬新 
用户端名称 网址 软件许可证 Multibit（雲資料區塊功能） GitHub - Multibit-Legacy/multibit: Deprecated Bitcoin Wallet MIT Bitcoin Core（Core用戶端、核心用戶端） Bitcoin - Open source P2P money MIT Electrum http://electrum.org/（页面存档备份，存于） GPL 客户端
Core客户端
其他客户端
硬體錢包
線上錢包服務
離線錢包
地址
私密金鑰
匿名與隐私保护
交易网站的黑客事件
比特币挖矿僵尸
成為犯罪工具
庞氏骗局指责
交易詐騙問題
丝路购物网站
勒索
集資騙局
接受比特币的非營利组织
接受比特币的企业
曾接受比特幣但目前已停止營運的網站
拒絕比特币的企业或政体
无需银行的企业
组织反映
美国
印度
薩爾瓦多
俄罗斯
中華人民共和國
當前?BTC?匯率 根據Google财经： AUD?CAD?CHF?CNY?EUR?GBP?HKD?JPY?TWD?USD 根據新浪财经： AUD?CAD?CHF?CNY?EUR?GBP?HKD?JPY?TWD?USD 根據雅虎財經： AUD?CAD?CHF?CNY?EUR?GBP?HKD?JPY?TWD?USD 根據雅虎香港財經： AUD?CAD?CHF?CNY?EUR?GBP?HKD?JPY?TWD?USD 根據Yahoo奇摩股市： AUD?CAD?CHF?CNY?EUR?GBP?HKD?JPY?TWD?USD 根據XE.com： AUD?CAD?CHF?CNY?EUR?GBP?HKD?JPY?TWD?USD 根據OANDA： AUD?CAD?CHF?CNY?EUR?GBP?HKD?JPY?TWD?USD
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