专业科普:
Specialization:
分布式账本
Distributed Book
分布式账本指的是交易记账由分布在不同地方的多个节点共同完成，而且每一个节点记录的是完整的账目，因此它们都可以参与监督交易合法性，同时也可以共同为其作证?。
Distributive books mean that transactions are accounted for by multiple nodes located in different locations, and that each node records complete accounts, so that they can be involved in monitoring the legitimacy of the transaction and can testify against it together?
跟传统的分布式存储有所不同，区块链的分布式存储的独特性主要体现在两个方面：一是区块链每个节点都按照块链式结构存储完整的数据，传统分布式存储一般是将数据按照一定的规则分成多份进行存储。二是区块链每个节点存储都是独立的、地位等同的，依靠共识机制保证存储的一致性，而传统分布式存储一般是通过中心节点往其他备份节点同步数据。没有任何一个节点可以单独记录账本数据，从而避免了单一记账人被控制或者被贿赂而记假账的可能性。也由记账节点足够多，理论上讲除非所有的节点被破坏，否则账目就不会丢失，从而保证了账目数据的安全性?。
In contrast to traditional distributed storage, the uniqueness of distributed storage of block chains can be found in two main ways: first, that each node of the block chain stores complete data according to a block chain structure, and that traditional distributed storage typically divides data into multiple copies according to a certain rule. Second, that each node of the block chain stores is separate, status equivalent, relying on consensus mechanisms to ensure consistency in storage, while traditional distributed storage generally synchronizes data with other backup nodes through central nodes. No node can record the book data separately, thus avoiding the possibility of a single accountr being controlled or bribed to keep a false account. Also, account nodes are large enough, and in theory accounts will not be lost unless all nodes are destroyed, thus ensuring the security of the account data?
非对称加密
Asymmetric Encryption
存储在区块链上的交易信息是公开的，但是账户身份信息是高度加密的，只有在数据拥有者授权的情况下才能访问到，从而保证了数据的安全和个人的隐私。
The transaction information stored on the block chain is publicly available, but the account identification information is highly encrypted and accessible only with the authorization of the data owner, thereby ensuring data security and personal privacy.
共识机制
Consensus Mechanism
共识机制就是所有记账节点之间怎么达成共识，去认定一个记录的有效性，这既是认定的手段，也是防止篡改的手段。区块链提出了四种不同的共识机制，适用于不同的应用场景，在效率和安全性之间取得平衡 。
Consensus mechanisms are how to reach consensus among all bookkeeping nodes to determine the validity of a record, both as a perceived tool and as a means of preventing tampering. Block chains offer four different consensus mechanisms that apply to different application scenarios, balancing efficiency and security.
区块链的共识机制具备“少数服从多数”以及“人人平等”的特点，其中“少数服从多数”并不完全指节点个数，也可以是计算能力、股权数或者其他的计算机可以比较的特征量。“人人平等”是当节点满足条件时，所有节点都有权优先提出共识结果、直接被其他节点认同后并最后有可能成为最终共识结果。以比特币为例，采用的是工作量证明，只有在控制了全网超过51%的记账节点的情况下，才有可能伪造出一条不存在的记录。当加入区块链的节点足够多的时候，这基本上不可能，从而杜绝了造假的可能?。
“Equality for all” is the right of all nodes to give priority to consensus results, to be identified directly by other nodes and, ultimately, to be the final consensus outcome. In Bitcoin, for example, the workload proves that it is possible to falsify a non-existent record only if more than 51% of the account nodes on the network are controlled. When the nodes are sufficiently numerous, it is essentially impossible to add to the nodes, thus eliminating the possibility of counterfeiting.
智能合约
Smart Contract
智能合约是基于这些可信的不可篡改的数据，可以自动化的执行一些预先定义好的规则和条款。以保险为例，如果说每个人的信息（包括医疗信息和风险发生的信息）都是真实可信的，那就很容易的在一些标准化的保险产品中，去进行自动化的理赔。在保险公司的日常业务中，虽然交易不像银行和证券行业那样频繁，但是对可信数据的依赖是有增无减。因此，笔者认为利用区块链技术，从数据管理的角度切入，能够有效地帮助保险公司提高风险管理能力。具体来讲主要分投保人风险管理和保险公司的风险监督?。
Smart contracts are based on these credible and indefensible data, allowing for the automated implementation of predefined rules and provisions. For example, insurance, if everyone’s information (including medical information and information on the occurrence of risks) is authentic, it is easy to make automated claims in a number of standardized insurance products. In insurance companies’ day-to-day operations, while transactions are not as frequent as banks and the securities industry, reliance on credible data is increasing.
基础常识：
Basics:
分布式账本：我们可以比喻，一部同型号的智能手机，被100人使用，系统就是账本，你使用的过程，智能手机会不断根据你的使用情况，记录你的运行轨迹，智能手机会更智能的算出使用习惯。
Distributed books: We can compare a smart phone of the same type, used by 100 people, the system is the account book, the process you use, the smart hand's opportunity to keep track of your operations, and the smart hand's use habits are more intelligent.
非对称加密:我们可以比喻，手机的开机密码，手势密码，字母数字密码，只有输入正确的密码才能开机使用。
共识机制:我们可以比喻，合伙做生意，大家一起出钱出力，明确目标，制定规则，合理分工，把生意做成功，然后根据合伙人的贡献进行分红，如果这个过程出现问题，可以开合伙人会议，进行举手表决，少数服从多人，保证绝大多数人的利益。
Consensus mechanism: we can use a metaphor for partnership, for solidarity, for solidarity, for solidarity, for solidarity, for clarity of purpose, for rules, for a rational division of labour, for success, and for a bonus based on the contribution of the partners, and if there is a problem in this process, for partnership meetings, for a vote, for a few to obey, and for the interests of the vast majority.
智能合约:我们可以比喻，合伙人之间共同约定的合伙合同，必须根据合同做事，真实有效，不可更改。避免合伙人出现分裂，散伙的问题，智能合约有效保证所有合伙人的权益。
Smart contracts: we can use the analogy that a partnership between partners must work according to the contract, be real and valid, and be unaltered. To avoid a split of partners, split issues, smart contracts effectively guarantee the rights and interests of all partners.
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