2021-10-31 20:02:1
撰文：Mike Tang, Lester Li
随着Bitcoin的天启事件（参见：《比特币白皮书》），近年来技术领域涌现出一大批新名词。这些名词的意义以及它们之间的关联，别说普通人不容易理解，就连混迹业界多年的资深人士也很难分得清。因为这些概念已经不再局限在纯技术领域了，它们是多学科交叉的前沿领域。
With the Apocalypse of Bitcoin (see Bitcoin White Paper), a large number of new terms have emerged in the field of technology in recent years. The meaning of these terms and their connection, not to say that they are not easily understood by ordinary people, can hardly be distinguished even by senior people who have been involved in the industry for many years. These concepts are no longer confined to purely technical areas, and they are the cutting edge of multidisciplinary intersections.
这些概念包括，但不仅限于如下：
These concepts include, but are not limited to, the following:
一个新手面对这么多的概念，会不知所措。这时，他们往往会选择某一个术语所代表的方向研究下去，这是完全没问题的。但对整体性的把握也非常重要，有关这些综述性的资料，在目前的互联网中，要么就是一些飘渺的宏大乌托邦叙述，要么就是一些概念的简单陈列讲解。对这些概念成系统的成逻辑的梳理，还非常缺乏。
At this point, they tend to choose the direction that one term represents, which is entirely fine. But it is also important to have a sense of holisticity, and these synthesizing information, in the current Internet, is either a narrative of some giant Utopias, or a simple presentation of some concepts.
限于篇幅，本文不可能对这些概念一一讲解。本文的主要目标是尝试在这成堆的概念中，寻找出有关Web3.0的主要脉络。
The main objective of this paper is to try to find the main connection to Web3.0 in these piles of concepts.
许多人对Web3.0有各种畅想，这些畅想的内涵可谓是千差万别。《刘毅：Web3.0到底是醒世恒言还是危言耸听？》中对Web3.0思想史的一个简要摘述如下：
Web3.0 is thought of by many in a variety of ways. Liu Yi: Is Web3.0 the constant or the alarm? A brief summary of the history of Web3.0 is as follows:
什么是Web3.0？互联网当前处于Web2.0阶段，Web3.0是对下一代互联网的设计和设想。15年前，Web的发明人Tim Bernard-Lee爵士认为，目前互联网的局限在于，HTML是给人看的，没有元数据，不能被机器所理解。因此应该把数据赋予含义，开发出更智能、自动化程度更高的互联网应用，从而实现Web3.0，即语义网（Semantic Web）。但是大约在5年前，Lee爵士对下一代互联网的看法发生了变化，他发起了互联网大宪章运动，呼吁用户和从业者对互联网的未来进行广泛地讨论。
What is Web3.0? The Internet is currently at the Web 2.0 stage, where Web3.0 is a design and vision of the next generation of the Internet. Fifteen years ago, Sir Tim Bernard-Lee, the inventor of Web, argued that the current limit of the Internet was that HTML was human, without metadata, and could not be understood by machines. Therefore, data should be given meaning and more intelligent and automated Internet applications should be developed to achieve Web3.0, a semantic web. But, about five years ago, Sir Lee's vision of the next generation of the Internet changed, and he launched the Internet Magna Carta campaign, calling on users and practitioners to discuss the future of the Internet extensively.
以太坊联创和Polkadot创始人Gavin Wood博士在2014年提出了一种革命性的Web3.0设想，并随后发起成了Web3基金会。他的理念是：Web3是为让互联网更去中心化、可验证、安全而发起的一组广泛的运动和协议；Web3愿景是实现无服务器、去中心化的互联网，即用户掌握自己身份、数据和命运的互联网；Web3将启动新全球数字经济系统，创造新业务模式和新市场，打破平台垄断，推动广泛的、自下而上的创新。
In 2014, Dr. Gavin Wood, founder of Telecom and Polkadot, proposed a revolutionary Web3.0 vision, and subsequently launched the Web3 Foundation. His philosophy is: Web3 is a broad set of campaigns and protocols to make the Internet more central, verifiable and secure; Web3 is a vision of a non-server, de-centralized Internet, i.e., an Internet where users have their own identity, data and destiny; Web3 is about to launch a new global digital economy system, creating new business models and new markets, breaking the monopoly of platforms and promoting broad, bottom-up innovation.
两位大师在不同的方向上进行着尝试。
The two masters were trying in different directions.
Tim Bernard-Lee亲自发起了Solid项目 ，旨在让用户能控制他们在 Web 上产生的数据和内容，能选择数据如何被使用。Solid 的核心是个人数据存储系统 Solid POD，你在网上产生的所有数据都储存在 Solid POD 中，如你的联系人，你的照片和评论， 用户可选择将 Solid POD 储存在自己家中的计算机上，或挑选的网上 Solid POD 供应商（比如 Berners-Lee 创办的 Inrupt），你的所有数据都控制在自己手中，可以自由的添加或删除数据，授予权限给他人或应用来读取或写入部分 Solid POD 数据，不需要同步，因为你的数据一直伴随着你。这个平台需要开发者支持才能真正产生效果，很难想象中心化的平台会支持这个无法控制数据的去中心化平台。
Tim Bernard-Lee personally launched the Solid project, which is designed to enable users to control the data and content they produce on Web, and to choose how the data can be used. Solid’s core is the personal data storage system Solid POD, where all the data you generate online are stored in Solid POD, such as your contacts, your photos and comments. Users can choose to store Solid POD on their own home computers, or select an online Solid POD supplier (e.g., the Inrupt created by Berners-Lee), all of which is in their own hands, free to add or delete data, granting permission to others or to apply to read or write some of the Solid POD data, without synchronizing it, because your data has always been with you. This platform requires developers’ support in order to produce real results, and it is difficult to imagine that a centralized platform will support the centralization platform that cannot control the data.
Gavin Wood创办了Polkadot项目，旨在通过提供开箱即用的共享安全性保证和可互操作的多链网络架构，为用于承载Web3.0使命的各种parachain项目创建一个创新的平台。Gavin博士把Polkadot定义成为一个layer0的项目，即平台的平台 (The platf
Gavin Wood created the Polkadot project, which aims to create an innovative platform for various paraachain projects to carry the Web 3.0 mission by providing open-box, shared security guarantees and interoperable multi-chain network structures. Dr. Gavin defined Polkadot as a platform for the platform, the platform of the platform.
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