记者 Jessy
Reporter, Jessy.
比特币面临危机。
Bitcoin is in crisis.
危机起源于铭文。而其背后的利益相关方，如矿工、观点不一的开发者和社区成员们、资本方，则是借着这场铭文危机，又上演了一出各种主义和利益的争夺。
The crisis has its origins in an inscription. The stakeholders behind it, such as miners, divers developers and community members, capitalists, have taken advantage of the rhetorical crisis to stage a race for ideas and interests.
此次铭文风波的战火是由比特币的开发者Luke Dashjr点燃，他在X上直接表示铭文是“垃圾”，并且称铭文是利用了比特币核心客户端Bitcoin Core的漏洞，而这个漏洞将被修复。
The war was set on fire by Luke Dashjr, the developer of Bitcoin, who directly stated on X that the inscription was “damn” and that the inscription was to take advantage of the breach in Bitcoin Core, which was to be repaired.
一石激起千层浪，行业内又掀起了对于铭文的讨论，支持和反对铭文的观点均能自成逻辑。反对铭文的人一般会表示铭文把垃圾刻在了比特币链上，造成了比特币链上的拥堵。而支持的人则认为，铭文为矿工带来了更多的收益，又或者说这是比特币生态的一次创新。
One stone provokes thousands of waves, and within the industry there is a discussion of the inscription, and arguments for and against it can be logical. Those who oppose it tend to say that it carves garbage into the bitcoin chain, creating a clogg in the bitcoin chain.
在过去类似的发展岔路口之时，比特币最终都确定了“小区块”，即只作为价值存储的发展方向。
At similar development fork in the past, Bitcoin eventually determined the direction of development of “small blocks”, i.e., as mere storage of values.
而此次的铭文之争，背后依旧是被各种主义所包裹着的利益的纠纷。矿工、开发展、庄家、散户、交易所们纷纷出动，想要维护自己心中所认定的主义又或是利益。
The debate continues to be dominated by a dispute over the interests of all sorts of actors. Miners, developers, dealers, expats, exchanges, etc. are moving to defend what they believe to be ideology or interest.
造富效应为“虱子”镀上金身
rich effect plating gold
比特币上铭文火热。
Bitcoin's inflamed and hot.
这是一个看上去十分威胁比特币网络“纯洁性”且似乎毫无作用的玩意。只不过是把一串串字符刻在了比特币主网上，来表示着所谓的“代币”的铸造、转移等等。
It's something that seems to threaten the “pureness” of the Bitcoin network and seems to be useless. It's just a string of characters engraved on the Bitcoin main network to indicate so-called monetization, transfer, etc.
它就像是网络上的“灰尘”，或可以比喻为小狗身上的虱子。只是这个虱子因长在了比特币身上，所以变得值钱了。讨厌它的人会认为它是寄生虫，靠着吸食比特币的鲜血存活。
It's like a "dust" on the Internet, or it's like a lice on a puppy. It's just this lice that grows on bitcoin, so it's worth it. People who hate it think it's a parasite and survives on the blood of bitcoin.
比特币原教旨主义们心中的比特币，应该是纯洁无暇的，它只需要做好数字黄金、价值存储。这是早些年的大小区块之争下早就有了定论的事情。支持大区块的如Vitalik，去构建了以太坊，完成了它所期待的比特币成为高性能的“计算机”的愿望。而在2017年带领着众矿工的比特大陆妄图用分叉出的大区块的BCH取代比特币的行动也失败了。
The bitcoin in the hearts of the Bitcoin fundamentalists should be pure and unbridled, and it simply needs to be stored in digital gold and values. This is something that has come to mind in earlier years in the midst of the battle over large and small blocks.
而这一次比特币身上的这些“虱子”却特别顽固。原因很简单，因为背后的利益太过巨大。
And this time, the "lice" on Bitcoin is particularly stubborn. The reason is simple, because the interest behind it is too great.
首先是矿工们赚翻了。距离比特币第四次减半还有一百多天，到了真正再次减半之时，每个区块 6.25 BTC 的挖矿奖励将减少至 3.125 BTC。矿工的币本位收益减半。
First of all, the miners made a profit. More than a hundred days before Bitcoin was halved for the fourth time, and by the time it was actually halved again, the mining incentive for each block of 6.25 BTC would be reduced to 3.125 BTC.
而铸造和转移铭文为他们带来了高额的收益。根据Hashrate Index的统计报告显示，在今年五月份，矿工从交易费用中获取的收益比从区块补贴上更多，甚至在奖励中获得了 12.5 个或更多比特币的区块是常有的，这正是上一个减半期的区块补贴。
Founding and transferring mottos bring them high returns. According to Hashrate Index’s statistical reports, in May of this year, miners earned more from transaction costs than from block subsidies, and even from incentives, where 12.5 or more bitcoins are common, which is the block subsidy of the last half-cent period.
而比特币铭文这样一个听起来极具“宏大叙事“魅力的新故事，在资本们看来也极具炒作的价值。
And a new story such as Bitcoin, which sounds like a superb story, is of great value to the capital.
而铭文这一波风浪，也确实是被中国的游资们拉盘让“涨服“了众人。
And it is true that this wave has been drawn by China's travelers to “uplift” people.
在强大的赚钱效应下，交易所们也纷纷涌入，从最早上线铭文的gate，再到OKX的Web3钱包对于铭文市场的铸造和买卖的支持，而一直在铭文生态布局落后的币安，也在12月12日抢先OKX上线了SATS。并且何一表示，币安前期在铭文市场发力不足，未来会投入更多支持。
With a strong profit-making effect, the exchanges have also come in, from the first-lined gate to the OKX Web3 wallet, which supports the casting and trading of the oblique market, to the currency, which has been lagging behind in the eco-situation, and to the SATS on December 12. And what suggests that the pre-enactment period is not strong in the oblique market, and that more support will be forthcoming in the future?
“虱子”有了金钱的涌入，也穿上了金衣。又或者抛开偏见，铭文或许并不是“虱子”，它也可以被认为是对现有的区块链所构建的规则的一次反抗和颠覆，比如对于VC叙事的疲倦。当然，最重要的仍旧是“铭文”有着巨大的造富效应。
“Lice” has an influx of money and is wearing a gold coat. And, without prejudice, the inscription may not be a “lice”, but it can also be seen as a resistance to, and subversion of, the rules built by the existing block chain, for example, fatigue with the VC narrative. Of course, the most important remains the enormous enrichment effect of the inscription.
“去中心化”矿池同样也在“中心化”左右比特币发展
"decentralized" ponds are also developing in bitcoin around 总体来说，在强大的利益驱动之下，这只“虱子”也就变得可爱了起来。 In general, driven by powerful interests, this “lice” becomes cute. 而且，在反叛者的眼中，也有人会认为为什么比特币就要按照它曾经所确定的路继续发展呢？毕竟比特币是一个“中立的协议”，它自身是不带有任何道德判断的。 And, in the eyes of the rebels, why would one think that Bitcoin is going to continue along the path it once set? After all, Bitcoin is a “neutral agreement” and it does not have any moral judgment of its own. 以开发者Luke Dashjr代表比特币开发者却是铭文的强烈反对者。他不仅仅在社交媒体上公开表示了对于铭文的反对，他也把其立场带到了实际行动中。 Luke Dashjr, a developer representing the development of Bitcoin, is a strong opponent of the motto. Not only has he publicly expressed his opposition to the motto in social media, but he has also taken his position to practice. Luke Dashjr创办的矿池OCEAN，因为使用了Bitcoin Knots的客户端，无法处理铭文相关的交易。而Bitcoin Knots25.1 的更新文档主要由Luke Dashjr本人编写。 Luke Dashjr’s mineral pond OECEAN, which uses Bitcoin Knots’ client, is unable to handle the transactions related to the inscriptions. Bitcoin Knots 25.1 update files are mainly prepared by Luke Dashjr himself. Luke Dashjr能通过技术的手段过滤掉铭文相关的交易，但因此误伤了其它交易。 Luke Dashjr was able to filter the trades associated with the inscriptions by technical means, but as a result other transactions were injured. 据 @SamouraiWallet表示， Ocean 矿池使用的是由LukeDashjr开发的 Bitcoin Knots 25.1，其中将 Op_reture的限制改为了 42 字节（自 Bitcoin Core 0.12 版本起，该限制就已改为 83字节），这种意味着该矿池会审查过滤掉 Whirlpool CoinJoin 这类隐私增强的混币交易和 BIP47 通知交易。 According to @SamouraiWallet, the Ocean pond used Bitcoin Knots 25.1, developed by Luke Dashjr, which changed the Op_reture restriction to 42 bytes (since the Bitcoin Core 0.12 version, the limit has been changed to 83 bytes), meaning that the pond would review currency transactions and BIP47 notification transactions such as Wirlpool CoinJoin, whose privacy is enhanced. 而在比特币的发展过程中，有关Op_reture标准的争论也曾经上演过，Op_reture是比特币的交易输出，该功能可用于销毁比特币或在比特币链上存储任意数据。 In the course of the development of Bitcoin, the debate over the Op_reture criteria has also taken place, where Op_reture is a bitcoin transaction output that can be used to destroy bitcoin or store arbitrary data on bitcoin chains. 这也就是说，Bitcoin Knots 25.1其实还是在沿用着之前的Op_reture标准，此前有关多少字节的标准其实也有过争论。 This means that Bitcoin Knots 25.1 actually followed the previous Op_reture standard, and that there was debate about how many bytes. 我们无法去评价LukeDashjr使用42字节作为标准的这一行为的对错。这其实就是一种依据个人的好恶，对于比特币应该是什么样子的判断下做出的一种行动。 We cannot evaluate the correctness of Luke Dashjr’s use of 42 bytes as a standard. This is actually an action based on the individual’s good or evil, judging what bitcoin should look like. 只是，行业内曾抨击中心化的挖矿模式会让比特币越来越中心化，毕竟掌握了算力，便有了左右比特币发展走向的权力。 It is only that the centralization of mining patterns that have been criticized in the industry will allow Bitcoin to become more central, after all, having the power to calculate and the power to influence the development of bitcoin. 在比特币的发展历史上，这样的情况当然发生过，比特币所面临过的至今为止的最大的一场危机是当年占据着超51%矿力的比特大陆，带领着众矿工想要用分叉的BCH取代比特币。 This is certainly the case in the history of the development of Bitcoin, where the biggest crisis ever faced by Bitcoin was that of the Bit continent, which occupied more than 51 per cent of the mineral power that year, leading the miners to replace Bitcoin with a BCH fork. 2017年的那场战争就是代表着大区块的BCH想要战胜小区块的BTC的战争。而最终也因为有着同样有着大量算力的币信矿池的介入而失败了。而目前，排名前二的两大矿池的算力总和也超过了51%。 The war of 2017 was the BCH’s war on the BTC, which represented the big block, to defeat the small block. And, ultimately, it failed because of the involvement of the same large-scale money-lettering ponds. 而Luke Dashjr创办的去中心化的矿池OCEAN，和中心化矿池不一样地方就在于，传统的中心化矿池和矿工之间存在着一种权力关系，因为矿工需要通过矿池管理者的分配获得奖励。而OCEAN声称其改变了矿池对矿工的奖励支付制度，允许BTC矿工不再通过矿池管理者而是直接获得奖励。 In contrast to the decentralized mine pond OECEAN, created by Luke Dashjr, and the centralized mine, there is a power relationship between traditional centralized ponds and miners, because miners need to be rewarded through the distribution of pool managers. OECEAN claims that it has changed the system for payment of pit incentives to miners, allowing BTC miners to stop receiving direct rewards through pond managers. 但是虽然没有了这样的权力管理横亘在矿池管理者和矿工之间。但挖矿的规则仍然是由矿池所制定。OCEAN也依旧是根据管理者自身的好恶，去制定一套规则，筛选出想要打包和不想要打包的交易。这何尝不也是一种中心化呢？ But there is no such power to regulate between miners and miners. But the rules for mining are still laid down by the ponds. OCCEAN, too, is still developing a set of rules to screen transactions that want to pack and do not want to. 各种观点和利益的碰撞，但仍然是不可被控制的比特币 According to various views and interests, but still uncontrollable bitcoin 矿池设置各种规则去审查比特币链上的交易，实际上正是一种出于个人好恶、或者是利益、政治等等原因驱使的一种审查，他本身是违背比特币的核心精神的。OCEAN是出于比特币的“派别“之争设立了对于交易的审核规则，而在不久之前，鱼池也被指可能是故意漏掉了四笔涉及 OFAC（美国财政部外国资产控制办公室）制裁地址的交易。 The ponds set rules to review transactions in the Bitcoin chain, which is in fact a review driven by personal good or interest, politics, etc., and which is itself contrary to the central spirit of Bitcoin. OCEAN created rules for the review of transactions out of a “factional” debate in Bitcoin, and, until recently, the ponds may have deliberately omitted four transactions involving the addresses of OFAC (the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of the Treasury) sanctions. 比特币的生态足够大，牵涉的各方利益也多，涉及到如上的“站队“行为也难免。 The ecology of Bitcoin is large enough to involve a wide range of interests, as is the case with “stand-by” behaviour. 尤其是对于矿工群体来说，他们不可避免的会出于各自的利益，做出选择。但是好在会有不同的矿池，无数的矿工。如果一个矿池审核、拒绝打包某项交易，那么还会有其它的矿工和矿池上前去打包该交易。 But it is good that there will be different ponds and numerous miners. If a pond checks and refuses to pack a transaction, there will also be other miners and pits going to pack the deal. 所以，要感谢中本聪在设计比特币最初所提出的挖矿的方式去生产比特币，能够让矿工们出于经济理性的考虑去对账本的交易进行打包记账。 Therefore, thanks go to Nakamoto for designing the way Bitcoin originally proposed to dig to produce bitcoin, which would allow miners to package their transactions for economic reasons. 也就是说，只要矿池之间存在着竞争，存在着立场的不同，就会相互制衡，维持着比特币的稳定。 In other words, as long as there is competition and there is a difference of position between the ponds, checks and balances will maintain the stability of Bitcoin. 而退一步说，有的东西是能被时间长久证明，维持永恒的。有的东西，或许就只能存在于一段时间。如果说，比特币真的因为铭文或者是矿池对于交易进行审核等等原因最终威胁到了其存在，那也只能证明了比特币只能是一定时期的产物。 And to step back, there are things that can be proved and sustained over time. There are things that can only exist for a while. If Bitcoin really threatens its existence, for example, because of the inscription or because of the examination of the transaction by the pond, then it can only prove that bitcoin can only be the product of a certain period of time. 而目前看来，历史上比特币所经历的危机，其最终都安全度过了。比特币尚未因为单独一个人，或者一个团体的利益或者诉求而改变。它的强大所依靠的是共识，目前看来它仍旧是不可被操纵的。 For the time being, it seems that the crisis that Bitcoin has been going through in history is finally safe. Bitcoin has not changed because of a single person, or because of the interests or claims of a group. Its strength is based on consensus, and it still seems unmanageable.
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